Ahram Mamoun
Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Mutah University, Mutah, Karak 61710, Jordan.
Saudi Med J. 2007 Apr;28(4):499-507.
The completion of the human genome project has marked the official start of the post-genomic era. Due to limitations in DNA and RNA studies, the advent of proteomics, or large-scale analysis of proteins, is considered a crucial consequence and a chief player of post-genomic initiatives. An immediate goal of proteomic studies is the understanding of proteins including their expression, function, interaction, and structure with an endpoint of discovery of protein biomarkers. Such biomarkers can be used in detection, prognostication, and treatment of diseases. However, the challenge of studying complete sets of cellular proteins, or proteomes, is driving the development of newer technologies. In this review, a discussion of proteomic biotechnologies and their clinical applications is offered. The main techniques covered are the 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, and protein microarrays. These tools have been successfully utilized in analyzing human and other biological samples in discovery of biomarkers. Recent advancement in proteomics has added and will continue to add valuable information to our knowledge-base of the human biological system.
人类基因组计划的完成标志着后基因组时代的正式开启。由于DNA和RNA研究存在局限性，蛋白质组学（即对蛋白质进行大规模分析）的出现被视为后基因组计划的一个关键成果和主要推动力量。蛋白质组学研究的一个直接目标是了解蛋白质，包括其表达、功能、相互作用和结构，最终发现蛋白质生物标志物。此类生物标志物可用于疾病的检测、预后评估和治疗。然而，研究完整的细胞蛋白质组面临的挑战推动了新技术的发展。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论蛋白质组学技术及其临床应用。所涵盖的主要技术包括二维聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、质谱分析、表面增强激光解吸电离质谱分析和蛋白质微阵列。这些工具已成功用于分析人类和其他生物样本以发现生物标志物。蛋白质组学的最新进展已经并将继续为我们关于人类生物系统的知识库增添宝贵信息。
