Kopp Ina B, Selbmann Hans-Konrad, Koller Michael
Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften, Institut für Theoretische Chirurgie Philipps-Universität, Marburg.
Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 2007;101(2):89-95. doi: 10.1016/j.zgesun.2007.01.002.
Guidelines are meant to be decision aids with precise procedural recommendations that are based upon the best knowledge available and thus should contribute to improving healthcare delivery. The achievement of this goal necessitates both a systematic and methodically sound approach in guideline development. Essential elements include the search for and the selection and evaluation of empirical evidence for existing knowledge. In addition, personal experience and subjective judgements will always be part of guideline recommendations, especially when the applicability of the evidence is appraised and health benefits and risks of different management options for the disease or condition are considered. To achieve high-quality results in this process, formal consensus techniques should be employed and potential users and affected patients should be involved. Typical of this technique is the structured interaction that provides the framework in which contributions of individual participants are documented, made transparent and brought together. Quality and acceptance of results are determined by the preparation and practical implementation of these procedures, in which individual- and group-psychological influencing factors play an important role. Along with the methods of evidence synthesis, structured consensus building methodology represents a cornerstone of guideline development.
指南旨在作为决策辅助工具，提供基于现有最佳知识的精确程序建议，从而有助于改善医疗服务的提供。要实现这一目标，在指南制定过程中需要采用系统且方法合理的方法。基本要素包括寻找、选择和评估现有知识的经验证据。此外，个人经验和主观判断始终会成为指南建议的一部分，尤其是在评估证据的适用性以及考虑针对该疾病或病症的不同管理方案的健康益处和风险时。为了在这一过程中取得高质量的结果，应采用正式的共识技术，并让潜在用户和受影响的患者参与进来。这种技术的典型特点是结构化互动，它提供了一个框架，在这个框架中，各个参与者的贡献被记录下来、变得透明并汇集在一起。结果的质量和可接受性取决于这些程序的准备和实际实施，其中个人和群体心理影响因素起着重要作用。与证据综合方法一起，结构化共识建立方法是指南制定的基石。
