De Raeve Lore, Jansen Nicole W H, Kant IJmert
Maastricht University, Department of Epidemiology, PO Box 616, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2007 Apr;33(2):105-113. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.1113.
The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal relationship between transitions in work schedules, workhours and overtime and changes in several self-reported health outcomes (general health, fatigue, need for recovery, and psychological distress).
Three-year follow-up data from the Maastricht Cohort Study on fatigue at work were used. Gender-stratified logistic regression analyses using generalized estimating equations were conducted for each of the dichotomized health outcomes, with control for a range of possible confounding factors.
In this study, transitions in worktime arrangements were prospectively related to changes in several self-reported health outcomes. Substantial and significant associations were found for transitions in work schedule and the incidence of prolonged fatigue and for the need for recovery among men. Moreover, transitions in workhours affected the need for recovery among men, while they influenced general health and psychological distress among women. Finally, transitions in overtime were significantly associated with the incidence of the need for recovery among both men and women and with the incidence of psychological distress among men only.
Transitions in worktime arrangements are related to changes in health, and studying transitions might be an important means of gaining insight into a possible causal relationship between employment and health. Given the considerable impact of worktime arrangements on the individual worker, employers, and society and the high frequency in which transitions within worktime arrangements can occur, these findings underline the need for interventions addressing worktime arrangements in order to reduce or prevent their impact on employee health.
本研究旨在探讨工作时间表、工作时长和加班时间的转变与几种自我报告的健康结果（总体健康、疲劳、恢复需求和心理困扰）变化之间的纵向关系。
使用来自马斯特里赫特工作疲劳队列研究的三年随访数据。对每个二分的健康结果进行性别分层的逻辑回归分析，采用广义估计方程，并控制一系列可能的混杂因素。
在本研究中，工作时间安排的转变与几种自我报告的健康结果变化存在前瞻性关联。发现工作时间表的转变与长期疲劳的发生率以及男性的恢复需求之间存在实质性且显著的关联。此外，工作时长的转变影响男性的恢复需求，而对女性的总体健康和心理困扰有影响。最后，加班时间的转变与男性和女性的恢复需求发生率均显著相关，且仅与男性的心理困扰发生率相关。
工作时间安排的转变与健康变化有关，研究这些转变可能是深入了解就业与健康之间可能因果关系的重要手段。鉴于工作时间安排对个体工人、雇主和社会有相当大的影响，且工作时间安排内的转变可能频繁发生，这些发现强调了需要采取干预措施来解决工作时间安排问题，以减少或防止其对员工健康的影响。
