Beckers Debby G J, van der Linden Dimitri, Smulders Peter G W, Kompier Michiel A J, Taris Toon W, Van Yperen Nico W
Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2007 Feb;33(1):37-44. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.1062.
This study aimed at disentangling the effects of overtime hours from those of long workhours. For part-time workers, overtime work is not intertwined with long workhours as it is for full-time workers. Therefore, part-time and full-time employees were compared with regard to the association between overtime and well-being (fatigue and work motivation). Such comparisons may also shed more light on the psychological meaning of overtime work for part-time and full-time workers.
A survey study was conducted among a representative sample of Dutch employees (N=2419). An analysis of covariance was used to investigate whether the relationship between overtime and well-being differs between marginal part-time (8-20 contractual workhours), substantial part-time (21-34 hours), and full-time (>or=35 hours) workers. Work characteristics (ie, job demands, decision latitude, and job variety), age, and gender were treated as covariates.
No significant relationship between overtime and fatigue was found for any of the contract-hour groups. For the part-time workers, overtime was not related to higher work motivation, whereas for full-time workers it was.
It is important to distinguish between overtime and long workhours, given the differential overtime-motivation relationship among part-time and full-time workers. This finding suggests that part-time employees work overtime for reasons other than motivation or that working overtime does not enhance work motivation for this group of employees. Overtime work seems to have a different meaning for part-time and full-time workers.
本研究旨在厘清加班时长与长时间工作的影响。对于兼职工人而言，加班工作不像全职工人那样与长时间工作相互交织。因此，就加班与幸福感（疲劳和工作动机）之间的关联对兼职工人和全职工人进行了比较。此类比较或许还能更清楚地揭示加班工作对兼职工人和全职工人的心理意义。
对荷兰员工的代表性样本（N = 2419）开展了一项调查研究。采用协方差分析来探究加班与幸福感之间的关系在边际兼职（8 - 20个合同工时）、大量兼职（21 - 34小时）和全职（≥35小时）工人之间是否存在差异。工作特征（即工作要求、决策自由度和工作多样性）、年龄和性别被视为协变量。
在任何合同工时组中均未发现加班与疲劳之间存在显著关系。对于兼职工人，加班与更高的工作动机无关，而对于全职工人则有关。
鉴于兼职工人和全职工人在加班 - 动机关系上存在差异，区分加班和长时间工作很重要。这一发现表明，兼职工人加班是出于动机以外的原因，或者加班并不能增强这类员工的工作动机。加班工作对兼职工人和全职工人似乎有着不同的意义。
