Flores-Gutiérrez Enrique O, Díaz José-Luís, Barrios Fernando A, Favila-Humara Rafael, Guevara Miguel Angel, del Río-Portilla Yolanda, Corsi-Cabrera María
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2007 Jul;65(1):69-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.03.004. Epub 2007 Mar 14.
Brain correlates comparing pleasant and unpleasant states induced by three dissimilar masterpiece excerpts were obtained. Related emotional reactions to the music were studied using Principal Component Analysis of validated reports, fMRI, and EEG coherent activity. A piano selection by Bach and a symphonic passage from Mahler widely differing in musical features were used as pleasing pieces. A segment by Prodromidès was used as an unpleasing stimulus. Ten consecutive 30 s segments of each piece alternating with random static noise were played to 19 non-musician volunteers for a total of 30 min of auditory stimulation. Both brain approaches identified a left cortical network involved with pleasant feelings (Bach and Mahler vs. Prodromidès) including the left primary auditory area, posterior temporal, inferior parietal and prefrontal regions. While the primary auditory zone may provide an early affective quality, left cognitive areas may contribute to pleasant feelings when melodic sequences follow expected rules. In contrast, unpleasant emotions (Prodromidès vs. Bach and Mahler) involved the activation of the right frontopolar and paralimbic areas. Left activation with pleasant and right with unpleasant musical feelings is consistent with right supremacy in novel situations and left in predictable processes. When all musical excerpts were jointly compared to noise, in addition to bilateral auditory activation, the left temporal pole, inferior frontal gyrus, and frontopolar area were activated suggesting that cognitive and language processes were recruited in general responses to music. Sensory and cognitive integration seems required for musical emotion.
我们获得了大脑在比较由三段不同的杰作选段所引发的愉悦和不愉悦状态时的相关数据。通过对有效报告进行主成分分析、功能磁共振成像（fMRI）以及脑电图相干活动，研究了对音乐的相关情绪反应。巴赫的一首钢琴曲选段以及马勒的一段交响乐乐章，二者在音乐特征上差异很大，被用作愉悦的音乐片段。普罗多米德斯的一段音乐被用作不愉悦的刺激物。向19名非音乐专业志愿者播放每段音乐连续10个30秒的片段，并穿插随机静态噪声，总共进行30分钟的听觉刺激。两种大脑研究方法均识别出一个与愉悦感受相关的左脑皮层网络（巴赫和马勒的音乐与普罗多米德斯的音乐相比），包括左侧初级听觉区、颞叶后部、顶叶下部和前额叶区域。虽然初级听觉区可能提供早期的情感特质，但当旋律序列遵循预期规则时，左脑认知区域可能有助于产生愉悦感受。相比之下，不愉悦情绪（普罗多米德斯的音乐与巴赫和马勒的音乐相比）涉及右侧额极和边缘旁区域的激活。愉悦音乐感受时左侧激活，不愉悦时右侧激活，这与新奇情境下右脑占主导、可预测过程中左脑占主导相一致。当将所有音乐选段与噪声进行联合比较时，除了双侧听觉激活外，左侧颞极、额下回和额极区域也被激活，这表明在对音乐的总体反应中会调动认知和语言过程。音乐情感似乎需要感觉和认知的整合。
