Hoch Anne Z, Stavrakos John E, Schimke Jane E
Women's Sports Medicine Program/Sports Medicine Center, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 May;88(5):681-2. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.02.035.
To determine the prevalence of the female athlete triad in club triathletes.
Cross-sectional.
Academic medical center in the midwestern United States.
Fifteen women (mean age, 35+/-6 y).
Not applicable.
Disordered eating and menstrual status were determined by questionnaires. Energy status was determined by a 3-day food record, resting energy expenditure, and exercise energy output. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the total left hip and lumbar spine (L2-4) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
Sixty percent of the triathletes were found to be in calorie deficit, 53% had a carbohydrate deficit, 47% had a fat deficit, 40% had a protein deficit, and 33% had a calcium deficit. Forty percent of triathletes reported a history of amenorrhea. BMD was normal in the lumbar spine (L2-4) (1.3+/-0.1 g/cm(2)) and total left hip (1.1+/-0.1 g/cm(2)).
Triathletes are at risk for components of the female athlete triad. Continued efforts need to be directed at prevention through education of athletes, coaches, parents, and health care professionals.
确定俱乐部铁人三项运动员中女性运动员三联征的患病率。
横断面研究。
美国中西部的学术医疗中心。
15名女性（平均年龄35±6岁）。
不适用。
通过问卷调查确定饮食失调和月经状况。通过3天食物记录、静息能量消耗和运动能量输出确定能量状态。采用双能X线吸收法测量左全髋和腰椎（L2 - 4）的骨密度（BMD）。
发现60%的铁人三项运动员存在热量不足，53%存在碳水化合物不足，47%存在脂肪不足，40%存在蛋白质不足，33%存在钙不足。40%的铁人三项运动员报告有闭经史。腰椎（L2 - 4）的骨密度正常（1.3±0.1 g/cm²），左全髋的骨密度正常（1.1±0.1 g/cm²）。
铁人三项运动员存在女性运动员三联征的风险因素。需要继续通过对运动员、教练、家长和医护人员进行教育来开展预防工作。
