我们是否已经建立了脊椎动物光感受器细胞命运特化的统一模型？
Have we achieved a unified model of photoreceptor cell fate specification in vertebrates?
作者信息
Adler Ruben, Raymond Pamela A
机构信息
Wilmer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 519 Maumenee, 600 N Wolfe, Baltimore, MD 21287-9257, USA.
出版信息
Brain Res. 2008 Feb 4;1192:134-50. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.03.044. Epub 2007 Mar 20.
How does a retinal progenitor choose to differentiate as a rod or a cone and, if it becomes a cone, which one of their different subtypes? The mechanisms of photoreceptor cell fate specification and differentiation have been extensively investigated in a variety of animal model systems, including human and non-human primates, rodents (mice and rats), chickens, frogs (Xenopus) and fish. It appears timely to discuss whether it is possible to synthesize the resulting information into a unified model applicable to all vertebrates. In this review we focus on several widely used experimental animal model systems to highlight differences in photoreceptor properties among species, the diversity of developmental strategies and solutions that vertebrates use to create retinas with photoreceptors that are adapted to the visual needs of their species, and the limitations of the methods currently available for the investigation of photoreceptor cell fate specification. Based on these considerations, we conclude that we are not yet ready to construct a unified model of photoreceptor cell fate specification in the developing vertebrate retina.
视网膜祖细胞如何选择分化为视杆细胞或视锥细胞？如果它成为视锥细胞，又是其不同亚型中的哪一种呢？在包括人类和非人类灵长类动物、啮齿动物（小鼠和大鼠）、鸡、青蛙（非洲爪蟾）和鱼类在内的多种动物模型系统中，光感受器细胞命运决定和分化的机制已得到广泛研究。现在讨论是否有可能将所得信息整合为一个适用于所有脊椎动物的统一模型似乎恰逢其时。在这篇综述中，我们聚焦于几种广泛使用的实验动物模型系统，以突出不同物种光感受器特性的差异、脊椎动物用于创建具有适应其物种视觉需求的光感受器的视网膜的发育策略和解决方案的多样性，以及目前用于研究光感受器细胞命运决定的方法的局限性。基于这些考虑，我们得出结论，我们尚未准备好构建发育中的脊椎动物视网膜光感受器细胞命运决定的统一模型。
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