Sorvari Jaana
Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland.
Waste Manag. 2008;28(3):489-501. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2006.12.021. Epub 2007 Apr 30.
In Finland during the last few decades, mineral industrial residues (by-products) have been used in earthworks, but only to a limited extent relative to their total volume. The most important barrier to efficient recycling of by-products has been the need for a site-specific environmental permit, since the permit process tends to be time-consuming and laborious. In 2000 a working group was set up to prepare national legislation, i.e., a Government decree, in order to promote the use of by-products in earth construction. The aim was to exempt certain residues from the environmental permit obligation. At the first stage, the working group determined specific decision criteria for the selection of the by-products to be included. For the selected residues, the acceptable construction applications and material-specific environmental standards were defined. Various difficulties were encountered during the preparation of the decree. These were mainly caused by the lack of data and by some ongoing changes in environmental regulations. Furthermore, the draft decree received several critical and partly contradictory comments and proposals for amendments. This resulted in considerable delay in implementation.
在过去几十年里，芬兰将矿物工业残渣（副产品）用于土方工程，但相对于其总量而言，使用程度有限。副产品高效回收利用的最重要障碍一直是需要特定场地的环境许可，因为许可程序往往既耗时又费力。2000年成立了一个工作组，以制定国家立法，即政府法令，以促进副产品在土方工程中的使用。目的是使某些残渣免于承担环境许可义务。在第一阶段，工作组确定了选择纳入副产品的具体决策标准。对于选定的残渣，定义了可接受的建筑应用和特定材料的环境标准。在法令制定过程中遇到了各种困难。这些主要是由于数据缺乏以及环境法规的一些持续变化造成的。此外，法令草案收到了一些批评性的、部分相互矛盾的评论和修正案提案。这导致实施出现了相当大的延迟。
