Reyes-Juárez José Luis, Zarain-Herzberg Angel
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México D.F.
Arch Cardiol Mex. 2006 Oct-Dec;76 Suppl 4:S18-32.
The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) constitutes the main intracellular calcium store in striated muscle and plays an important role in the regulation of excitation-contraction-coupling (ECC) and of intracellular calcium concentrations during contraction and relaxation. The regulation of ECC occurs due to the interaction among the main proteins of the SR that are the calcium release channel or ryanodine receptor, the Ca2+-ATPase, phospholamban and calsequestrin. Due to the importance of ECC in the physiopathology of a number of cardiac diseases, the role of the SR and its components has been widely investigated in some pathologies, specifically cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and hereditary arrhythmias. Therefore, the SR proteins constitute an area of research of great interest for the development of new genetic and pharmacologic therapies; from this derives the importance of understanding the function of the SR. This review analyzes the expression, structure, and function of the main SR proteins, their role on myocardial contraction and relaxation and in the changes that occur in cardiac pathologies.
肌浆网（SR）是横纹肌中主要的细胞内钙储存库，在收缩和舒张过程中对兴奋-收缩偶联（ECC）及细胞内钙浓度的调节起着重要作用。ECC的调节是由于SR的主要蛋白质之间的相互作用，这些蛋白质包括钙释放通道或兰尼碱受体、Ca2+-ATP酶、受磷蛋白和肌集钙蛋白。由于ECC在多种心脏疾病的生理病理学中具有重要意义，SR及其成分的作用已在一些病理状态下得到广泛研究，特别是在心肌肥大、心力衰竭和遗传性心律失常方面。因此，SR蛋白构成了开发新的基因和药物疗法的一个极具研究价值的领域；由此可知了解SR功能的重要性。本综述分析了主要SR蛋白的表达、结构和功能，它们在心肌收缩和舒张中的作用以及在心脏病理变化中的作用。
