Zimmels Y, Kirzhner F, Malkovskaja A
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
Water Environ Res. 2007 Mar;79(3):287-96. doi: 10.2175/106143005x73037.
The capacity to reach lower bounds for extraction of pollutants from wastewater by four floating aquatic macrophytes--water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes), salvinia (Salvinia rotundifolia), and water primroses (Ludvigia palustris)--is investigated. It is shown that the following lower bounds can be established for wastewater purification with water hyacinth: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 1.3 mg/L; chemical oxygen demand (COD), 11.3 mg/L; total suspended solids (TSS), 0.5 mg/L; turbidity, 0.7 NTU; ammonia, 0.2 mg/L; and phosphorus, 1.4 mg/L. Also, the following lower bounds can be established for wastewater purification with water lettuce: BOD, 1.8 mg/L; COD, 12.5 mg/L; TSS, 0.5 mg/L; turbidity, 0.9 NTU; ammonia, 0.2 mg/L; and phosphorus, 1.6 mg/L. These lower bounds were reached in 11- to 17-day experiments that were performed on diluted wastewater with reduced initial contents of the tested water quality indicators. As expected, water hyacinth exhibited the highest rates and levels of pollutant removal, thereby producing the best lower bounds of the water quality indicators. Given the initially low levels, BOD was further reduced by 86.3%, COD by 66.6%, ammonia by 97.8%, and phosphorus by 65.0% after 11 days of a batch experiment. The capacity of water plants to purify dilute wastewater streams opens new options for their application in the water treatment industry.
研究了4种漂浮水生大型植物——凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes）、大薸（Pistia stratiotes）、槐叶萍（Salvinia rotundifolia）和水龙（Ludvigia palustris）从废水中提取污染物的下限能力。结果表明，凤眼莲净化废水可确定以下下限：生化需氧量（BOD）为1.3mg/L；化学需氧量（COD）为11.3mg/L；总悬浮固体（TSS）为0.5mg/L；浊度为0.7NTU；氨为0.2mg/L；磷为1.4mg/L。此外，大薸净化废水可确定以下下限：BOD为1.8mg/L；COD为12.5mg/L；TSS为0.5mg/L；浊度为0.9NTU；氨为0.2mg/L；磷为1.6mg/L。这些下限是在对初始水质指标含量降低的稀释废水进行的11至17天实验中达到的。正如预期的那样，凤眼莲表现出最高的污染物去除率和水平，从而产生了最佳的水质指标下限。鉴于初始水平较低，在一批实验进行11天后，BOD进一步降低了86.3%，COD降低了66.6%，氨降低了97.8%，磷降低了65.0%。水生植物净化稀释废水流的能力为其在水处理行业的应用开辟了新的选择。
