Rana Shadna A, Parker Linda A
Department of PsychologyWilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2007 Apr;33(2):172-84. doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.33.2.172.
The experiments reported here evaluated the hypothesis that an amphetamine-paired flavor elicits conditioned fear-arousal, whereas a lithium-paired flavor elicits conditioned nausea-disgust by examining the effect of prior flavor exposure on an acoustic startle reaction (ASR). Exposure to a lithium-paired flavor by intraoral infusion, either immediately prior to a startle session (Experiment 1) or during a startle session (Experiments 2 and 3), resulted in a blunted ASR. In contrast, intraoral infusion of an amphetamine-paired flavor resulted in a potentiated ASR. The blunted ASR produced by exposure to a lithium-paired flavor dramatically reversed to a potentiated ASR when rats were pretreated with the antiemetic drug ondansetron prior to the saccharin-lithium pairing (Experiment 3). The findings shed light on a mechanism by which rewarding drugs produce conditioned taste avoidance in rats.
通过检查先前的味道暴露对听觉惊吓反应（ASR）的影响，与苯丙胺配对的味道会引发条件性恐惧唤醒，而与锂配对的味道会引发条件性恶心厌恶。在惊吓实验前即刻（实验1）或在惊吓实验期间（实验2和3）通过口腔内灌注给予与锂配对的味道，会导致ASR减弱。相比之下，口腔内灌注与苯丙胺配对的味道会导致ASR增强。当大鼠在糖精-锂配对前用止吐药昂丹司琼预处理时，暴露于与锂配对的味道所产生的减弱的ASR会显著逆转至增强的ASR（实验3）。这些发现揭示了一种机制，即奖赏性药物在大鼠中产生条件性味觉回避的机制。
