Kothare Sanjeev V, Kaleyias Joseph
St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Section of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA.
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2007 May;6(3):251-65. doi: 10.1517/14740338.6.3.251.
Efficacy of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are often equivalent, hence selection of an AED is often determined by the adverse effects (AEs). The development of neurocognitive AEs is almost inevitable with use of AEDs, especially in high-risk groups. Teratogenesis with major or minor malformations is of great concern during the first trimester of pregnancy, but an increasing body of information suggests that potential neurocognitive developmental delay may also occur with use of AEDs in the latter part of pregnancy. Decreased bone mineral density has been found in adults and children receiving both enzyme-inducing AEDs and valproate, an enzyme-inhibiting drug. AEDs may influence the lipid profile, body weight, reproductive, hormonal and other endocrine functions, and sleep architecture. There are age-specific AEs related to pharmacokinetic differences that have been highlighted in this review with emphasis on the pediatric population. A classification of AEs using different parameters is also included.
抗癫痫药物（AEDs）的疗效通常相当，因此AED的选择往往取决于不良反应（AEs）。使用AEDs几乎不可避免会出现神经认知方面的不良反应，尤其是在高危人群中。妊娠头三个月，致畸导致严重或轻微畸形备受关注，但越来越多的信息表明，妊娠后期使用AEDs也可能导致潜在的神经认知发育迟缓。接受酶诱导型AEDs和酶抑制药物丙戊酸盐治疗的成人和儿童均出现了骨密度降低的情况。AEDs可能会影响血脂水平、体重、生殖、激素及其他内分泌功能，以及睡眠结构。本综述着重针对儿科人群，强调了与药代动力学差异相关的特定年龄不良反应。文中还包括了使用不同参数对不良反应进行的分类。
