Godin V N
Zh Obshch Biol. 2007 Mar-Apr;68(2):98-108.
There are two methodological approaches to the study of sex in plants: the descriptive and morphological approach and the quantitative approach. The former is based exclusively on external morphological peculiarities of the generative organs of the flower, the latter is based on the functioning of individuals as parents of the coming generation. It has been suggested to recognize three flower types: staminate, pistillate, and complete. Depending on the distribution pattern of the flowers of different sex type, there are monomorphic populations (all individuals form flowers of the same type) and heteromorphic populations (individuals have flowers of different types). Monomorphic populations include monoclinous, monoecious, gynomonoecious, andromonoecious, and polygamomonoecious ones. Among heteromorphic populations, dioecious, polygamodioecious, subdioecious, paradioecious, and trioecious ones are recognized. It is desirable to give up the usage of such terms as "bisexual", "polygamous", "functionally female", and "functionally male" flowers, "temporary dioecy" and some others. The notion "gender" has been established in English-language works for describing the sex quantitavely; two additional terms have been proposed: "phenotypic gender" and "functional gender". The recently developed quantitative approach is at present in the process of accumulating material, and in need of the further elaborating the methodological base for research. Analysis of the principal notions shows the necessity to form their integrated structure and to correct the usage of the existing and new terms.
描述性和形态学方法以及定量方法。前者完全基于花的生殖器官的外部形态特征，后者基于个体作为下一代亲本的功能。有人建议识别三种花型：雄花、雌花和完全花。根据不同性别类型花的分布模式，有单态种群（所有个体形成相同类型的花）和异型种群（个体有不同类型的花）。单态种群包括雌雄同序、雌雄同株、雌全同株、雄全同株和多配全同株。在异型种群中，识别出雌雄异株、多配雌雄异株、亚雌雄异株、类雌雄异株和三性异株。最好放弃使用“两性花”、“多配花”、“功能雌花”、“功能雄花”、“临时雌雄异株”等术语。“性别”这一概念已在英语著作中确立，用于定量描述性别；还提出了另外两个术语：“表型性别”和“功能性别”。最近发展起来的定量方法目前正处于积累材料的过程中，需要进一步完善研究的方法基础。对主要概念的分析表明，有必要形成它们的综合结构，并纠正现有和新术语的使用。
