[Domestication of cereal crops in the old world: in search of a new approach to solving old problem].

N.I. Vavilov's theory of the centres of origin of cultivated plants is still as a methodological base for studying processes of domestication. This theory, along with archaeological, botanical, and molecular genetic data, helped to determine the most probable regions where the principal cultivated species were introduced into culture. The search for the mechanisms of origins of morphological changes in the course of domestication is one of evolutionary biology's oldest problems. Employing novd molecular biological data for solving this problem provides a key to the understanding of these mechanisms and helps to reconstruct a possible scenario of how the traits that distinguish domesticated plants from their wild relatives got involved into selection. It is hypothesized that distinct physiological and morphological differences important to ancient agrarians originated from quantitative and/or qualitative changes in the loci regulating the programmes of plant ontogeny. This hypothesis helps to reveal the mechanisms of origin of certain traits in the course of domestication, to study the connection between the direction of selection and how such traits are genetically controlled, and to outline particular ways for further detailed studies of the evolutionary aspect of domestication processes.