Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2010 Apr;13(2):160-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2009.10.008. Epub 2009 Nov 26.
The techniques of plant improvement have been evolving with the advancement of technology, progressing from crop domestication by Neolithic humans to scientific plant breeding, and now including DNA-based genotyping and genetic engineering. Archeological findings have shown that early human ancestors often unintentionally selected for and finally fixed a few major domestication traits over time. Recent advancement of molecular and genomic tools has enabled scientists to pinpoint changes to specific chromosomal regions and genetic loci that are responsible for dramatic morphological and other transitions that distinguish crops from their wild progenitors. Extensive studies in a multitude of additional crop species, facilitated by rapid progress in sequencing and resequencing(s) of crop genomes, will further our understanding of the genomic impact from both the unusual population history of cultivated plants and millennia of human selection.
植物改良技术随着技术的进步而不断发展，从新石器时代人类的作物驯化到科学的植物育种，现在包括基于 DNA 的基因分型和基因工程。考古发现表明，早期人类祖先经常在无意中选择并最终固定一些主要的驯化特征。分子和基因组工具的最新进展使科学家能够确定特定染色体区域和遗传基因座的变化，这些变化负责显著的形态和其他过渡，使作物与野生祖先区分开来。在测序和重测序作物基因组方面的快速进展的推动下，对大量其他作物物种的广泛研究将进一步加深我们对栽培植物不寻常的种群历史和数千年人类选择的基因组影响的理解。
