Laditka Sarah B, Laditka James N, Xirasagar Sudha, Cornman Carol B, Davis Courtney B, Richter Jane V E
Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 800 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2007 Jan-Feb;22(1):42-8. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x00004325.
This is an exploratory study of nursing home preparedness in South Carolina intended to: (1) examine nursing home administrators' perceptions of disaster preparedness in their facility in the absence of an immediate emergency or disaster, and changes in their views about preparedness following a large disaster; (2) study whether administrators' knowledge of shortcomings in preparedness leads them to change their views about planning; and (3) suggest ways to enhance preparedness.
A descriptive survey based on interviews with public officials responsible for nursing home safety was developed and mailed to all 192 licensed nursing homes in South Carolina in July 2005, and an extensive literature review was performed. As responses to the baseline survey were received, Hurricane Katrina devastated the Gulf Coast. Two weeks after Katrina, a brief, post-Katrina survey was mailed, asking administrators if Katrina had influenced their preparedness plans. Quantitative responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Three researchers coded the qualitative data and conducted a thematic analysis.
One hundred twelve baseline surveys and 50 post-Katrina surveys were completed (response rates 58.3% and 26%, respectively). A large number of respondents reported a high level of satisfaction with the overall ability of their facilities to protect residents during an emergency or disaster. However, many were less satisfied with their preparedness in specific, important areas, including: (1) providing shelter to evacuees from other nursing homes; (2) transportation; and (3) staffing. In the post-Katrina survey, 54% of respondents were re-evaluating their disaster plans; only 36% felt well-prepared. Those re-evaluating their plans specifically mentioned evacuation, transportation, supplies, staffing, and communication.
Transportation, communication, supplies, staffing, and the ability to provide shelter to evacuees are important domains to consider when evaluating nursing home preparedness. Administrators believe their nursing homes need to improve in all of these areas. Recommendations include developing improved transportation arrangements, redundant communication systems, and stronger linkages with local emergency preparedness systems.
这是一项对南卡罗来纳州养老院应急准备情况的探索性研究，旨在：（1）考察养老院管理人员在没有即时紧急情况或灾难时对其机构灾难准备情况的认知，以及在一场大型灾难后他们对准备工作看法的变化；（2）研究管理人员对准备工作中不足之处的了解是否会促使他们改变规划观点；（3）提出加强准备工作的方法。
2005年7月，制定了一项基于对负责养老院安全的政府官员访谈的描述性调查，并将其邮寄给南卡罗来纳州所有192家持牌养老院，同时进行了广泛的文献综述。在收到基线调查的回复时，卡特里娜飓风摧毁了墨西哥湾沿岸地区。卡特里娜飓风过后两周，邮寄了一份简短的飓风后调查问卷，询问管理人员卡特里娜飓风是否影响了他们的应急准备计划。定量回复采用描述性统计进行分析。三名研究人员对定性数据进行编码并进行了主题分析。
完成了112份基线调查问卷和50份卡特里娜飓风后调查问卷（回复率分别为58.3%和26%）。大量受访者表示对其机构在紧急情况或灾难期间保护居民的总体能力高度满意。然而，许多人对他们在一些具体重要领域的准备工作不太满意，包括：（1）为其他养老院的撤离人员提供庇护所；（2）交通；（3）人员配备。在卡特里娜飓风后的调查中，54%的受访者正在重新评估他们的灾难计划；只有36%的人觉得准备充分。那些重新评估计划的人特别提到了疏散、交通、物资、人员配备和通信。
在评估养老院应急准备情况时，交通通信、物资、人员配备以及为撤离人员提供庇护所的能力是需要考虑的重要方面。管理人员认为他们的养老院在所有这些方面都需要改进。建议包括制定更好的交通安排、冗余通信系统以及与当地应急准备系统建立更紧密的联系。
