Kloster Torill, Høie Magnhild, Skår Randi
Faculty of Health Science, Vestfold University College, Tønsberg, Norway.
J Adv Nurs. 2007 Jul;59(2):155-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04276.x. Epub 2007 May 1.
This paper is a report of a study to identify Norwegian undergraduate nursing students' career preferences at the beginning and end of their nursing education programme, together with their reasons for these preferences.
International studies have shown that recruitment and retention of nurses in areas such as aged care and psychiatric nursing is difficult. It is important to know why some working areas are popular whilst others are not, so that nursing schools produce graduates who meet the needs of the community.
All students starting their nursing education programme in 2001/2002 in five Norwegian university colleges were invited to complete questionnaires at the beginning and end of their nursing education programme. In phase 1, 620 of 782 commencing students completed questionnaires (response rate 79.2%). In their third year, phase 2, 473 questionnaires were distributed (response rate 82.6%, n = 386). The questionnaire included closed questions about career preferences and open-ended questions seeking the reasons for the preferences.
The study revealed changes in preferences between the beginning and the end of the nursing education programme. In phase 1, midwifery and paediatric nursing were ranked highest and in phase 2 working in medical/surgical ward, midwifery and psychiatric nursing were preferred. Working in aged care institutions remained unpopular throughout. Clinical experiences and professional challenges were often given as reasons for preferences.
Nursing educators, clinical nurses and policymakers must reconsider their priorities and improve working conditions for nurses in aged care in order to meet society's need for nurses.
本文报告一项旨在确定挪威本科护理专业学生在护理教育项目开始和结束时的职业偏好及其偏好原因的研究。
国际研究表明，在老年护理和精神科护理等领域招募和留住护士很困难。了解为何某些工作领域受欢迎而其他领域不受欢迎很重要，这样护理学校才能培养出满足社区需求的毕业生。
邀请了2001/2002年在挪威五所大学学院开始护理教育项目的所有学生在项目开始和结束时填写问卷。在第一阶段，782名入学学生中有620人完成了问卷（回复率79.2%）。在第三年的第二阶段，发放了473份问卷（回复率82.6%，n = 386）。问卷包括关于职业偏好的封闭式问题以及询问偏好原因的开放式问题。
该研究揭示了护理教育项目开始和结束时偏好的变化。在第一阶段，助产和儿科护理排名最高，在第二阶段，医疗/外科病房、助产和精神科护理工作更受青睐。在老年护理机构工作一直不受欢迎。临床经验和专业挑战常被作为偏好原因提及。
护理教育工作者、临床护士和政策制定者必须重新考虑他们的优先事项，并改善老年护理护士的工作条件，以满足社会对护士的需求。
