Durazzo Timothy C, Meyerhoff Dieter J
Center for Neuroimaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
Front Biosci. 2007 May 1;12:4079-100. doi: 10.2741/2373.
Chronic cigarette smoking is associated with adverse effects on cardiac, pulmonary, and vascular function as well as the increased risk for various forms of cancer. However, little is known about the effects of chronic smoking on human brain function. Although smoking rates have decreased in the developed world, they remain high in individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and other neuropsychiatric conditions. Despite the high prevalence of chronic smoking in AUD, few studies have addressed the potential neurobiological or neurocognitive consequences of chronic smoking in alcohol use disorders. Here, we review the the neurobiological and neurocognitive findings in both AUD and chronic cigarette smoking, followed by a review of the effects of comorbid cigarette smoking on neurobiology and neurocognition in AUD. Recent research suggests that comorbid chronic cigarette smoking modulates magnetic resonance-detectable brain injury and neurocognition in alcohol use disorders and adversely affects neurobiological and neurocognitive recovery in abstinent alcoholics.. Consideration of the potential separate and interactive effects of chronic smoking and alcohol use disorders may have significant implications for pharmacological and behavioral treatment interventions.
长期吸烟会对心脏、肺部和血管功能产生不良影响，同时还会增加患各种癌症的风险。然而，人们对长期吸烟对人类大脑功能的影响知之甚少。尽管发达国家的吸烟率有所下降，但在患有酒精使用障碍（AUD）和其他神经精神疾病的人群中，吸烟率仍然很高。尽管AUD患者中慢性吸烟的患病率很高，但很少有研究探讨慢性吸烟在酒精使用障碍中的潜在神经生物学或神经认知后果。在这里，我们回顾了AUD和长期吸烟的神经生物学和神经认知研究结果，随后综述了合并吸烟对AUD患者神经生物学和神经认知的影响。最近的研究表明，合并慢性吸烟会调节酒精使用障碍中磁共振可检测到的脑损伤和神经认知，并对戒酒的酗酒者的神经生物学和神经认知恢复产生不利影响。考虑慢性吸烟和酒精使用障碍的潜在单独和交互作用可能对药物和行为治疗干预具有重要意义。
