Durazzo Timothy C, Gazdzinski Stefan, Meyerhoff Dieter J
Department of Veterans Administration Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease, CA 94121, USA.
Alcohol Alcohol. 2007 May-Jun;42(3):174-85. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agm020.
A vast body of research attests to the adverse effects of chronic smoking on cardiac, pulmonary, and vascular function as well as the increased risk for various forms of cancer. However, comparatively little is known about the effects of chronic smoking on human brain function. Although smoking rates have decreased in the developed world, they remain high in individuals with alcohol use disorders. Despite the high prevalence of comorbid chronic smoking in alcohol use disorders, very few studies have addressed the potential neurobiological or neurocognitive effects of chronic smoking in alcohol use disorders. Here, we briefly review the existing literature on the neurobiological and neurocognitive consequences of chronic cigarette smoking and summarize our neuroimaging and neurocognitive studies on the effects of comorbid chronic excessive alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking in treatment-seeking and treatment-naïve populations. Our research suggests comorbid chronic cigarette smoking modulates magnetic resonance-detectable brain injury and neurocognition in alcohol use disorders and that neurobiological recovery in our abstinent alcoholics is adversely affected by chronic smoking. Consideration of the potential separate effects and interactions of chronic smoking and alcohol consumption may foster a better understanding of specific mechanisms and neurocognitive consequences of brain injury in alcoholism and of brain recovery during sustained abstinence from alcohol. The material presented also contributes to ongoing discussions about treatment strategies for comorbid alcoholism and cigarette smoking and will hopefully stimulate further research into the neurobiological and neurocognitive consequences of chronic smoking in alcoholism and other substance use disorders.
大量研究证实了长期吸烟对心脏、肺部和血管功能的不利影响，以及患各种癌症风险的增加。然而，对于长期吸烟对人类大脑功能的影响，人们了解得相对较少。尽管发达国家的吸烟率有所下降，但在患有酒精使用障碍的人群中，吸烟率仍然很高。尽管酒精使用障碍中共病慢性吸烟的患病率很高，但很少有研究探讨慢性吸烟在酒精使用障碍中的潜在神经生物学或神经认知影响。在此，我们简要回顾了关于长期吸烟的神经生物学和神经认知后果的现有文献，并总结了我们对寻求治疗和未接受过治疗的人群中慢性过量饮酒和吸烟共病影响的神经影像学和神经认知研究。我们的研究表明，慢性吸烟共病会调节酒精使用障碍中磁共振可检测到的脑损伤和神经认知，并且我们戒酒者的神经生物学恢复会受到慢性吸烟的不利影响。考虑慢性吸烟和饮酒的潜在单独影响及相互作用，可能有助于更好地理解酒精中毒中脑损伤的具体机制和神经认知后果，以及持续戒酒期间大脑的恢复情况。所呈现的材料也有助于正在进行的关于酒精中毒和吸烟共病治疗策略的讨论，并有望激发对慢性吸烟在酒精中毒和其他物质使用障碍中的神经生物学和神经认知后果的进一步研究。
