White Merlin M, James Timothy Y, O'Donnell Kerry, Cafaro Matías J, Tanabe Yuuhiko, Sugiyama Junta
Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045-7534, USA.
Mycologia. 2006 Nov-Dec;98(6):872-84. doi: 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.872.
The Zygomycota is an ecologically heterogenous assemblage of nonzoosporic fungi comprising two classes, Zygomycetes and Trichomycetes. Phylogenetic analyses have suggested that the phylum is polyphyletic; two of four orders of Trichomycetes are related to the Mesomycetozoa (protists) that diverged near the fungal/animal split. Current circumscription of the Zygomycota includes only orders with representatives that produce zygospores. We present a molecular-based phylogeny including recognized representatives of the Zygomycetes and Trichomycetes with a combined dataset for nuclear rRNA 18S (SSU), 5.8S and 28S (LSU) genes. Tree reconstruction by Bayesian analyses suggests the Zygomycota is paraphyletic. Although 12 clades were identified only some of these correspond to the nine orders of Zygomycota currently recognized. A large superordinal clade, comprising the Dimargaritales, Harpellales, Kickxellales and Zoopagales, grouping together many symbiotic fungi, also is identified in part by a unique septal structure. Although Harpellales and Kickxellales are not monophyletic, these lineages are distinct from the Mucorales, Endogonales and Mortierellales, which appear more closely related to the Ascomycota + Basidiomycota + Glomeromycota. The final major group, the insect-associated Entomophthorales, appears to be polyphyletic. In the present analyses Basidiobolus and Neozygites group within Zygomycota but not with the Entomophthorales. Clades are discussed with special reference to traditional classifications, mapping morphological characters and ecology, where possible, as a snapshot of our current phylogenetic perspective of the Zygomycota.
接合菌门是一类生态异质的非游动孢子真菌组合，包括两个纲，即接合菌纲和毛菌纲。系统发育分析表明，该门是多系的；毛菌纲四个目中的两个目与中生真菌（原生生物）有关，它们在真菌/动物分化附近分歧。目前接合菌门的界定仅包括有产生接合孢子代表的目。我们提出了一种基于分子的系统发育树，包括接合菌纲和毛菌纲的公认代表，并结合了核核糖体RNA 18S（小亚基）、5.8S和28S（大亚基）基因的数据集。贝叶斯分析的树重建表明接合菌门是并系的。虽然鉴定出了12个分支，但其中只有一些与目前公认的接合菌门的9个目相对应。一个大型的超目分支，包括双珠霉目、钩孢毛菌目、虫霉目和捕虫霉目，将许多共生真菌聚集在一起，部分也由独特的隔膜结构确定。虽然钩孢毛菌目和虫霉目不是单系的，但这些谱系与毛霉目、内囊霉目和被孢霉目不同，后者似乎与子囊菌门+担子菌门+球囊菌门关系更密切。最后一个主要类群，与昆虫相关的虫霉目，似乎是多系的。在目前的分析中，蛙粪霉属和新接霉属归入接合菌门，但不与虫霉目在一起。结合传统分类，在可能的情况下描绘形态特征和生态，对各分支进行了讨论，作为我们目前接合菌门系统发育观点的一个快照。
