Begerow Dominik, Stoll Matthias, Bauer Robert
Universität Tübingen, Lehrstuhl Spezielle Botanik und Mykologie, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, Tübingen, Germany.
Mycologia. 2006 Nov-Dec;98(6):906-16. doi: 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.906.
The subphylum Ustilaginomycotina comprises about 1500 species of basidiomycetous plant parasites. They are usually dimorphic, producing a saprobic haploid yeast phase and a parasitic dikaryotic hyphal phase. With only a few exceptions they occur on angiosperms and are found mainly on members of the Poaceae and Cyperaceae. Molecular methods recently have shown that anamorphic species such as members of Malassezia or Tilletiopsis should be included in this group. Here we present the most recent consensus as to the phylogeny of this group and discuss its relevant characteristics. Our morphological, ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic data point to the existence of three lines of Ustilaginomycotina: Entorrhizomycetes, Ustilaginomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes. Entorrhizomycetes is represented by Entorrhizales, a small group of unusual teliosporic root parasites on Juncaceae and Cyperaceae. Ustilaginomycetes, to which the majority of Ustilaginomycotina belong, is a teliosporic and gastroid group characterized by the presence of enlarged interaction zones. Ustilaginomycetes is dichotomous, consisting of predominantly holobasidiate Urocystales and predominantly phragmobasidiate Ustilaginales. Exobasidiomycetes forms local interaction zones. This group is predominantly holobasidiate and consists of teliosporic Doassansiales, Entylomatales, Georgefischeriales and Tilletiales, nonteliosporic Ceraceosorales, Exobasidiales and Microstromatales, as well as the anamorphic Malasseziales. Entorrhizomycetes, Exobasidiomycetes and Ceraceosorales are proposed as new taxa, and the description of Ustilaginomycetes is emended.
黑粉菌亚门包含约1500种担子菌纲植物寄生菌。它们通常具有二态性，产生腐生的单倍体酵母阶段和寄生的双核菌丝阶段。除少数例外，它们寄生于被子植物上，主要在禾本科和莎草科植物上发现。最近的分子方法表明，诸如马拉色菌属或蒂氏酵母属成员等无性型物种应归入该类群。在此，我们呈现关于该类群系统发育的最新共识，并讨论其相关特征。我们的形态学、超微结构和分子系统发育数据表明黑粉菌亚门存在三个谱系：内脐蠕孢菌纲、黑粉菌纲和外担子菌纲。内脐蠕孢菌纲以内脐蠕孢目为代表，这是一小群寄生于灯心草科和莎草科植物上的异常冬孢子根寄生菌。大多数黑粉菌亚门成员所属的黑粉菌纲是一个冬孢子型和腹菌型类群，其特征是存在扩大的相互作用区。黑粉菌纲是二歧的，主要由全担子型的腥黑粉菌目和主要为隔担子型的黑粉菌目组成。外担子菌纲形成局部相互作用区。该类群主要是全担子型的，由冬孢子型的多孢锈菌目、实球黑粉菌目、乔治费舍尔黑粉菌目和腥黑粉菌目，非冬孢子型的蜡黑粉菌目、外担子菌目和微座孢目，以及无性型的马拉色菌目组成。内脐蠕孢菌纲、外担子菌纲和蜡黑粉菌目被提议作为新分类单元，同时对黑粉菌纲的描述进行了修订。
