Kim Kyobum, Fisher John P
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
J Drug Target. 2007 May;15(4):241-52. doi: 10.1080/10611860701289818.
Nanotechnology has been increasingly utilized to enhance bone tissue engineering strategies. In particular, nanotechnology has been employed to overcome some of the current limitations associated with bone regeneration methods including insufficient mechanical strength of scaffold materials, ineffective cell growth and osteogenic differentiation at the defect site, as well as unstable and insufficient production of growth factors to stimulate bone cell growth. Among the tremendous technologies of nanoparticles in biological systems, we focus here on the three major nanoparticle research areas that have been developed to overcome these limitations and disadvantages: (a) the generation of nanoparticle-composite scaffolds to provide increased mechanical strength for bone graft, (b) the fabrication of nanofibrous scaffolds to support cell growth and differentiation through morphologically-favored architectures, and (c) the development of novel delivery and targeting systems of genetic material, especially those encoding osteogenic growth factors. These nanoparticle-based bone tissue engineering technologies possess a great potential to ensure the efficacy of clinical bone regeneration.
纳米技术已越来越多地用于加强骨组织工程策略。特别是，纳米技术已被用于克服当前与骨再生方法相关的一些局限性，包括支架材料机械强度不足、缺损部位细胞生长和成骨分化无效，以及刺激骨细胞生长的生长因子产生不稳定和不足。在生物系统中纳米颗粒的众多技术中，我们在此重点关注为克服这些局限性和缺点而开发的三个主要纳米颗粒研究领域：(a) 生成纳米颗粒复合支架以提高骨移植的机械强度，(b) 制造纳米纤维支架以通过形态上有利的结构支持细胞生长和分化，以及 (c) 开发新型遗传物质递送和靶向系统，特别是那些编码成骨生长因子的系统。这些基于纳米颗粒的骨组织工程技术具有确保临床骨再生疗效的巨大潜力。
