van der Meulen J, van der Werf J T N, Kijlstra A
Animal Sciences Group of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, the Netherlands.
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 2007 Apr 15;132(8):292-5.
Disease prevalence and veterinary treatments in organic animal production differ from those in conventional systems. In order to gather information about current practices in organic layer husbandry, 33 organic egg producers of 16 small, 12 medium-sized, and 5 large farms were asked to complete a questionnaire on disease prevalence and treatments. On these farms, the mean mortality was 9% and the mean laying percentage was 79%. In contrast with the regulations for organic farming, the use of chemotherapeutics was not recorded on 30% of the farms. One third of the farmers were not aware of the type of vaccination given to their hens, and on the other farms hens had been vaccinated as pullets against nine or more viral and bacterial diseases. Several health problems were mentioned, such as feather pecking, red mites, helminths, infectious bronchitis, colibacillosis, and coccidiosis. On 19 farms, diseases were treated with homeopathic, phytotherapeutic, or other alternative medicines; on 10 of these farms chemotherapeutics were also used. On 4 farms only chemotherapeutics were used, on 10 farms no products were used, and on some farms up to seven products were used. Although quite a large number of organic layer farmers in the Netherlands used homeopathic, phytotherapeutic, or other alternative medicines, the use of chemotherapeutics is currently inevitable to prevent animal suffering or distress in organic husbandry.
有机动物生产中的疾病流行情况和兽医治疗方法与传统养殖系统有所不同。为了收集有关有机蛋鸡养殖当前做法的信息，我们邀请了来自16个小型、12个中型和5个大型农场的33位有机蛋鸡生产者填写一份关于疾病流行情况和治疗方法的问卷。在这些农场中，平均死亡率为9%，平均产蛋率为79%。与有机养殖的规定相反，30%的农场未记录化学治疗剂的使用情况。三分之一的养殖户不知道给母鸡接种的疫苗类型，而在其他农场，母鸡在幼雏期就已接种了针对九种或更多种病毒和细菌疾病的疫苗。养殖户提到了一些健康问题，如啄羽、红螨、蠕虫、传染性支气管炎、大肠杆菌病和球虫病。在19个农场中，疾病采用顺势疗法、植物疗法或其他替代药物进行治疗；其中10个农场也使用化学治疗剂。4个农场仅使用化学治疗剂，10个农场不使用任何产品，还有一些农场使用多达七种产品。尽管荷兰有相当多的有机蛋鸡养殖户使用顺势疗法、植物疗法或其他替代药物，但目前在有机养殖中使用化学治疗剂对于防止动物遭受痛苦或不适是不可避免的。
