Bennett Alison E, Bever James D
Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3rd Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
Ecology. 2007 Jan;88(1):210-8. doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[210:msdapg]2.0.co;2.
Plants simultaneously interact with multiple organisms which can both positively and negatively affect their growth. Herbivores can reduce plant growth through loss of plant biomass and photosynthetic area, while plant mutualists, such as mycorrhizal fungi, can increase plant growth through uptake of essential nutrients. This is the first study examining whether species-specific associations with mycorrhizal fungi alter plant tolerance to herbivory. We grew Plantago lanceolata plants with three species of mycorrhizal fungi previously shown to have differential impacts on plant growth and subjected them to herbivory by the specialist lepidopteran herbivore, Junonia coenia. Association with mycorrhizal fungus Glomus white provided the greatest growth benefit but did not alter plant response to herbivory. Alternatively, association with Archaeospora trappei provided less growth promotion but did lead to tolerance to herbivory in the form of an increased growth rate. Finally, an association with the fungus Scutellospora calospora led to neither plant growth promotion nor tolerance to herbivory. In fact, an association with S. calospora appeared to reduce plant tolerance to herbivory. An association with all three species of mycorrhizae resulted in a pattern of growth similar to that of plants grown only with Glomus white, suggesting that growth promotion by multiple mycorrhizal species is driven by the inclusion of a "super fungus," in this case, Glomus white. This work illustrates that plant response to herbivory depends upon the mycorrhizal fungal mutualist with which a plant is associated.
植物同时与多种生物相互作用，这些生物对植物生长的影响可能是积极的，也可能是消极的。食草动物会通过消耗植物生物量和光合面积来降低植物生长，而植物共生体，如菌根真菌，则可以通过摄取必需养分来促进植物生长。这是第一项研究特定种类的菌根真菌与植物的关联是否会改变植物对食草动物的耐受性。我们种植了披针叶车前草，使其与三种先前已证明对植物生长有不同影响的菌根真菌共生，并让专食性鳞翅目食草动物艳婀珍蝶对其进行啃食。与菌根真菌白巨孢囊霉共生对植物生长的促进作用最大，但并未改变植物对食草动物啃食的反应。相比之下，与特拉普古孢囊霉共生对植物生长的促进作用较小，但确实使植物以生长速率增加的形式表现出对食草动物啃食的耐受性。最后，与卡洛孢盾巨孢囊霉共生既没有促进植物生长，也没有使植物产生对食草动物啃食的耐受性。事实上，与卡洛孢盾巨孢囊霉共生似乎降低了植物对食草动物啃食的耐受性。与所有三种菌根真菌共生的植物生长模式与仅与白巨孢囊霉共生的植物相似，这表明多种菌根真菌对植物生长的促进作用是由一种“超级真菌”驱动的，在本研究中即白巨孢囊霉。这项研究表明，植物对食草动物啃食的反应取决于与之共生的菌根真菌种类。
