Jiang Zhong
University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Pathology, Three Biotech, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2007 May;7(3):293-307. doi: 10.1586/14737159.7.3.293.
A hallmark of renal cell carcinoma is its variable prognosis. Surgical resection of primary renal cell carcinoma can be curative when the disease is localized. However, approximately 20% of patients with early stages of localized renal cell carcinomas subsequently develop metastasis after the primary tumor is removed. The median survival for patients with metastatic disease is approximately 13 months. Therefore, there is a great need for biomarkers to predict metastasis and prognosis. Many prognostic biomarkers were studied in the past decade. In recent years, several promising biomarkers, including CAIX, B7-H1 and IMP3, have also been identified by large retrospective studies. Further validation of these biomarkers is essential to transfer the research data into clinical practice. Eventually, an outcome prediction model with biomarkers, staging system and other risk factors will identify high-risk patients with likelihood of progression and formulate different follow-up protocols or systematic treatments for these patients.
肾细胞癌的一个显著特点是其预后存在差异。当疾病局限时，原发性肾细胞癌的手术切除可能治愈。然而，约20%局限性肾细胞癌早期患者在原发肿瘤切除后随后发生转移。转移性疾病患者的中位生存期约为13个月。因此，非常需要生物标志物来预测转移和预后。在过去十年中对许多预后生物标志物进行了研究。近年来，大型回顾性研究也鉴定出了几种有前景的生物标志物，包括碳酸酐酶IX（CAIX）、程序性死亡配体1（B7-H1）和胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ信使核糖核酸结合蛋白3（IMP3）。对这些生物标志物进行进一步验证对于将研究数据转化为临床实践至关重要。最终，一个包含生物标志物、分期系统和其他风险因素的结局预测模型将识别出有进展可能性的高危患者，并为这些患者制定不同的随访方案或系统治疗方法。
