Fang Zhiwu Zack
Joint Commission International, St Louis, MO 63131, USA.
Health Serv Res. 2007 Jun;42(3 Pt 2):1419-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2007.00717.x.
The purpose of this paper is to examine what is known about the nurse workforce and nursing education in China in order to assess the likely potential for nurse migration from China in the future.
There is a severe shortage of nurses in China (only one nurse per thousand in population), but at the same time there is a very high level of unemployment and underemployment of nurses. China's nursing education system is huge in size (about 500,000 nursing students in 2005), but weak in quality and career development.
As a result of lack of limited job opportunities, low salary, and low job satisfaction, many talented Chinese nurses intend to switch occupation or work outside China. Commercial recruiters have expressed a strong interest in recruitment of nurses in China, but to date there are few examples of successful ventures. Even if the Chinese government were to implement health care financing reforms that led to an increase in nursing jobs and improved work conditions, some level of surplus will remain. As such, it is likely that China will become an important source of nurses for developed nations in the coming years.
本文旨在研究关于中国护士队伍及护理教育的已知情况，以便评估未来中国护士移民的潜在可能性。
中国护士严重短缺（每千人口中仅有一名护士），但与此同时，护士的失业和就业不足情况非常严重。中国的护理教育体系规模庞大（2005年约有50万名护理专业学生），但质量和职业发展薄弱。
由于工作机会有限、薪资低以及工作满意度低，许多有才华的中国护士打算转行或到国外工作。商业招聘机构对在中国招聘护士表现出浓厚兴趣，但迄今为止成功的案例很少。即使中国政府实施医疗保健筹资改革，导致护理工作岗位增加且工作条件改善，仍会存在一定程度的过剩。因此，未来几年中国很可能成为发达国家护士的重要来源国。
