Dean John R, Ma Renli
Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.
Chemosphere. 2007 Jul;68(8):1399-407. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.054. Epub 2007 May 8.
Oral bioaccessibility, also known as in vitro gastrointestinal extraction or the physiologically based extraction test (PBET), is an important tool when assessing the risk to humans from persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (and metals). The approach seeks to mimic the processes of human food digestion and thereby assess the bioavailability of POPs (and metals) from materials consumed either accidentally or intentionally in the diet. In vitro conditions are created to simulate various actions in the stomach and intestines (although some methods also include the mouth compartment). This paper reviews the current status of oral bioaccessibility with respect to the release of POPs from soil and related samples of environmental importance. Particular emphasis is placed on the parameters that influence gastrointestinal extraction including gastric and intestinal pH, enzymes, bile salts, food constituents and residence time. In addition, important developments in the use of in vitro gastrointestinal extraction are highlighted. These developments include the use of epithelial Caco-2 cells to mimic the intestinal cell lining, the potential for biotransformation of POPs into estrogenic metabolites as a result of colon microbiota, and the use of in vivo studies to validate existing approaches.
口服生物可及性，也称为体外胃肠道萃取或基于生理学的萃取试验（PBET），是评估持久性有机污染物（POPs）（以及金属）对人类风险时的一项重要工具。该方法旨在模拟人类食物消化过程，从而评估通过饮食意外或有意摄入的物质中POPs（以及金属）的生物利用度。通过创造体外条件来模拟胃和肠道中的各种作用（尽管有些方法也包括口腔部分）。本文综述了关于从土壤及具有环境重要性的相关样品中释放POPs的口服生物可及性的现状。特别强调了影响胃肠道萃取的参数，包括胃和肠道的pH值、酶、胆汁盐、食物成分和停留时间。此外，还突出了体外胃肠道萃取应用方面的重要进展。这些进展包括使用上皮Caco-2细胞模拟肠道细胞内衬、由于结肠微生物群导致POPs生物转化为雌激素代谢物的可能性，以及利用体内研究验证现有方法。
