Simons F Estelle R
Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Department of Immunology, Canadian Institutes of Health Research National Training Program in Allergy and Asthma, University of Manitoba, 820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1R9, Canada.
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2007 May;27(2):231-48, vi-vii. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2007.03.007.
Anaphylaxis occurs frequently in the community, and it can be fatal in community settings. Risk assessment and risk reduction should ideally be coordinated by an allergy/immunology specialist and focus on: (1) prevention of subsequent anaphylaxis episodes, (2) emergency preparedness, and (3) anaphylaxis education. Preventive strategies should include trigger avoidance, specific preventive measures, and optimal management of comorbidities. Despite best efforts to avoid anaphylaxis triggers they can be encountered inadvertently, and anaphylaxis episodes can and do recur. Risk reduction therefore also focuses on emergency preparedness: carrying self-injectable epinephrine, having a personalized Anaphylaxis Emergency Action Plan, and wearing accurate medical identification. Anaphylaxis education should involve not only at-risk individuals and their families, but also health care professionals and the general public.
过敏反应在社区中频繁发生，且在社区环境中可能致命。理想情况下，风险评估和风险降低应由过敏/免疫学专家协调，并着重于：（1）预防后续过敏反应发作，（2）应急准备，以及（3）过敏反应教育。预防策略应包括避免触发因素、采取特定预防措施以及对合并症进行优化管理。尽管已尽力避免过敏反应触发因素，但仍可能意外接触到，且过敏反应发作可能会复发。因此，降低风险还着重于应急准备：携带自动注射肾上腺素、制定个性化的过敏反应应急行动计划以及佩戴准确的医疗识别标识。过敏反应教育不仅应涉及高危个体及其家人，还应包括医护人员和普通公众。
