成人注意力缺陷多动障碍症状在日常生活中的表现：经验取样法的应用
The expression of adult ADHD symptoms in daily life: an application of experience sampling methodology.
作者信息
Knouse Laura E, Mitchell John T, Brown Leslie H, Silvia Paul J, Kane Michael J, Myin-Germeys Inez, Kwapil Thomas R
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA.
出版信息
J Atten Disord. 2008 May;11(6):652-63. doi: 10.1177/1087054707299411. Epub 2007 May 10.
OBJECTIVE
To use experience sampling method (ESM) to examine the impact of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive ADHD symptoms on emotional well-being, activities and distress, cognitive impairment, and social functioning assessed in the daily lives of young adults. The impact of subjective appraisals on their experiences is also examined.
METHOD
Participants (n = 206) complete up to 56 in-the-moment assessments of mood and current activities using Personal Digital Assistants for 1 week.
RESULTS
Multilevel modeling techniques reveal that ADHD inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms differentially relate to daily experiences. Higher inattentive symptoms are associated with indices of general distress, including less positive and more negative mood as well as more concentration problems. Higher hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are associated with reduced sensitivity to contextual factors in perceptions of situations.
CONCLUSION
These findings demonstrate predictive validity for adult self-report of ADHD symptoms in a general population sample and suggest future research directions using ESM.
目的
采用经验取样法（ESM），研究注意力不集中型和多动冲动型多动症症状对青年成人日常生活中所评估的情绪健康、活动与痛苦、认知障碍及社交功能的影响。同时也考察主观评估对其体验的影响。
方法
参与者（n = 206）使用个人数字助理，在1周内完成多达56次对情绪和当前活动的即时评估。
结果
多水平建模技术表明，多动症的注意力不集中和多动冲动症状与日常体验存在不同关联。注意力不集中症状较高与一般痛苦指标相关，包括较少的积极情绪和较多的消极情绪以及更多的注意力集中问题。多动冲动症状较高与情境感知中对情境因素的敏感性降低有关。
结论
这些发现证明了在一般人群样本中成人多动症症状自我报告的预测效度，并提出了使用经验取样法的未来研究方向。
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