Bischof Hans-Joachim
University of Bielefeld, Department of Behavioural Biology, POB 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
Neuroreport. 2007 Mar 26;18(5):461-5. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e328014204e.
Neural and behavioral development is characterized by two features. First, brain and behavior are organized by an interplay of genetic instruction and information from the environment. Second, the acquisition of external information is, in many cases, not a steady process. Instead, information is often acquired only for a limited time span, the sensitive period. During development, an animal may experience many of these sensitive periods, all of them needed for a distinct purpose. The basic features of such sensitive periods are described, and the neurophysiological basis of the neuronal rewiring that underlies the acquisition of early learning is discussed. An example is presented which may serve as a general scenario for early learning in sensitive periods.
神经和行为发育具有两个特征。首先，大脑和行为是由基因指令与来自环境的信息相互作用组织而成的。其次，在许多情况下，外部信息的获取并非是一个稳定的过程。相反，信息通常仅在有限的时间段内获取，即敏感期。在发育过程中，动物可能会经历许多这样的敏感期，所有这些敏感期都有其特定的目的。本文描述了此类敏感期的基本特征，并讨论了构成早期学习基础的神经元重新布线的神经生理学基础。文中给出了一个例子，它可作为敏感期早期学习的一般情形。
