Galvan Adriana, Wichmann Thomas
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Prog Brain Res. 2007;160:287-312. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60017-4.
GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the basal ganglia, and GABAergic pathways dominate information processing in most areas of these structures. It is therefore not surprising that abnormalities of GABAergic transmission are key elements in pathophysiologic models of movement disorders involving the basal ganglia. These include hypokinetic diseases such as Parkinson's disease, and hyperkinetic diseases, such as Huntington's disease or hemiballism. In this chapter, we will briefly review the major anatomic features of the GABAergic pathways in the basal ganglia, and then describe in greater detail the changes of GABAergic transmission, which are known to occur in movement disorders.
γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）是基底神经节中的主要抑制性神经递质，且GABA能通路在这些结构的大多数区域主导信息处理。因此，GABA能传递异常是涉及基底神经节的运动障碍病理生理模型中的关键因素也就不足为奇了。这些运动障碍包括帕金森病等运动减少性疾病，以及亨廷顿病或偏身投掷症等运动增多性疾病。在本章中，我们将简要回顾基底神经节中GABA能通路的主要解剖学特征，然后更详细地描述已知在运动障碍中发生的GABA能传递变化。
