Lamacraft Austen
Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom and All Souls College, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Phys Rev Lett. 2007 Apr 20;98(16):160404. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.160404. Epub 2007 Apr 18.
We discuss the ordering of a spin-1 condensate when quenched from its paramagnetic phase to its ferromagnetic phase by reducing the magnetic field. We first elucidate the nature of the equilibrium quantum phase transition. Quenching rapidly through this transition reveals XY ordering either at a specific wave vector, or the "light-cone" correlations familiar from relativistic theories, depending on the end point of the quench. For a quench proceeding at a finite rate the ordering scale is governed by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. The creation of vortices through growth of the magnetization fluctuations is also discussed. The long-time dynamics again depends on the end point, conserving the order parameter in a zero field, but not at a finite field, with differing exponents for the coarsening of magnetic order. The results are discussed in the light of a recent experiment by Sadler et al.
我们讨论了通过降低磁场将自旋-1凝聚体从顺磁相猝灭到铁磁相时的序。我们首先阐明平衡量子相变的本质。快速通过此相变会揭示出XY序,其要么出现在特定波矢处,要么出现相对论理论中常见的“光锥”关联,这取决于猝灭的终点。对于以有限速率进行的猝灭,序的尺度由基布尔-祖雷克机制控制。我们还讨论了通过磁化涨落的增长产生涡旋的情况。长时间动力学同样取决于终点,在零场中序参量守恒,但在有限场中不守恒,磁序粗化的指数也不同。我们根据萨德勒等人最近的一项实验对结果进行了讨论。