Whiteway Malcolm, Bachewich Catherine
National Research Council of Canada, Biotechnology Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4P 2R2, Canada.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2007;61:529-53. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093341.
Candida albicans is termed a dimorphic fungus because it proliferates in either a yeast form or a hyphal form. The switch between these forms is the result of a complex interplay of external and internal factors and is coordinated in part by polarity-regulating proteins that are conserved among eukaryotic cells. However, yeast and hyphal cells are not the only morphological states of C. albicans. The opaque form required for mating, the pseudohyphal cell, and the chlamydospore represent distinct cell types that form in response to specific genetic or environmental conditions. In addition, hyperextended buds can form as a result of various cell cycle-related stresses. Recent studies are beginning to shed light on some of the molecular controls regulating the various morphogenetic forms of this fascinating human pathogen.
白色念珠菌被称为二态性真菌,因为它以酵母形式或菌丝形式增殖。这些形式之间的转换是外部和内部因素复杂相互作用的结果,并且部分由真核细胞中保守的极性调节蛋白协调。然而,酵母细胞和菌丝细胞并不是白色念珠菌的唯一形态状态。交配所需的不透明形式、假菌丝细胞和厚垣孢子代表了响应特定遗传或环境条件而形成的不同细胞类型。此外,由于各种与细胞周期相关的应激,可能会形成过度延伸的芽。最近的研究开始揭示一些调节这种迷人的人类病原体各种形态发生形式的分子控制机制。