Oncology (Williston Park). 2007 Apr;21(4 Suppl):10-22; discussion 22.
Pain is one of the most feared consequences of cancer. Pain is a major symptom in 75% of hospitalized cancer patients. Poorly relieved pain contributes to the suffering of the patient and family, which may motivate them to seek additional complementary and alternative therapies. Evidence-based complementary therapies are being used for symptom control and to improve quality of life. There is recent research on several complementary therapies-acupuncture, mind-body therapies, massage, reflexology, and Reiki--that provides evidence for pain management. These therapies are not well utilized due to a lack of information on benefits, risks, and resources. There is a call for education to alert patients, families, nurses, and physicians to the benefits of evidence-based complementary therapies and to the dangers of "unproven" cancer therapies. Oncology nurses are ideally positioned to assess patients' pain, to educate patients, to determine with the patient and physician the most appropriate and safe complementary therapy for pain, to refer patients to appropriate resources, and in some cases to provide the therapy itself. This article will discuss specific complementary therapies for pain control and will arm nurses with the confidence to intervene with knowledge, referrals, and ideas for hands-on implementation.
疼痛是癌症最令人恐惧的后果之一。疼痛是75%住院癌症患者的主要症状。疼痛缓解不佳会给患者及其家人带来痛苦，这可能促使他们寻求更多的补充和替代疗法。循证补充疗法正被用于症状控制和改善生活质量。最近有几项关于补充疗法的研究——针灸、身心疗法、按摩、反射疗法和灵气疗法——为疼痛管理提供了证据。由于缺乏关于益处、风险和资源的信息，这些疗法没有得到充分利用。有人呼吁开展教育，提醒患者、家属、护士和医生循证补充疗法的益处以及“未经证实”的癌症疗法的危险。肿瘤护士最适合评估患者的疼痛，对患者进行教育，与患者和医生共同确定最适合且安全的疼痛补充疗法，为患者推荐合适的资源，在某些情况下还可亲自提供治疗。本文将讨论用于控制疼痛的具体补充疗法，并使护士有信心通过知识、转诊和实际操作的想法进行干预。
