Wang Youfa, Beydoun May A
Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Epidemiol Rev. 2007;29:6-28. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxm007. Epub 2007 May 17.
This review of the obesity epidemic provides a comprehensive description of the current situation, time trends, and disparities across gender, age, socioeconomic status, racial/ethnic groups, and geographic regions in the United States based on national data. The authors searched studies published between 1990 and 2006. Adult overweight and obesity were defined by using body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) cutpoints of 25 and 30, respectively; childhood "at risk for overweight" and overweight were defined as the 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index. Average annual increase in and future projections for prevalence were estimated by using linear regression models. Among adults, obesity prevalence increased from 13% to 32% between the 1960s and 2004. Currently, 66% of adults are overweight or obese; 16% of children and adolescents are overweight and 34% are at risk of overweight. Minority and low-socioeconomic-status groups are disproportionately affected at all ages. Annual increases in prevalence ranged from 0.3 to 0.9 percentage points across groups. By 2015, 75% of adults will be overweight or obese, and 41% will be obese. In conclusion, obesity has increased at an alarming rate in the United States over the past three decades. The associations of obesity with gender, age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are complex and dynamic. Related population-based programs and policies are needed.
这篇关于肥胖流行情况的综述基于全国数据，全面描述了美国当前肥胖的现状、时间趋势，以及在性别、年龄、社会经济地位、种族/族裔群体和地理区域方面的差异。作者检索了1990年至2006年间发表的研究。成人超重和肥胖分别通过体重指数（体重（千克）/身高（米）²）切点25和30来定义；儿童“超重风险”和超重分别定义为体重指数的第85和第95百分位数。通过使用线性回归模型估计患病率的年均增长及未来预测。在成年人中，肥胖患病率在20世纪60年代至2004年间从13%增至32%。目前，66%的成年人超重或肥胖；16%的儿童和青少年超重，34%有超重风险。少数族裔和社会经济地位较低的群体在各年龄段受影响程度不成比例。各群体患病率的年增幅在0.3至0.9个百分点之间。到2015年，75%的成年人将超重或肥胖，41%将肥胖。总之，在过去三十年里，美国肥胖率以惊人的速度上升。肥胖与性别、年龄、种族和社会经济地位之间的关联复杂且动态。需要相关的基于人群的项目和政策。
