Nikolić Biljana, Ristić Mihailo, Bojović Srdjan, Marin Petar D
Institute of Forestry, Kneza Viseslava 3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Chem Biodivers. 2007 May;4(5):905-16. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.200790079.
The essential-oil compositions of Pinus heldreichii Christ. from Montenegro and Serbia are reported at the population level. Whitebark pine is a sub-endemic high-mountain Balkan pine relict of an anthropogenically reduced area, with large morphological diversity and insufficiently clear taxonomic position. In the pine-needle terpene profile from three populations from Montenegro, and one from Serbia, 101 compounds were detected, 72 of which could be identified (Table 3). The dominant constituents are limonene (26.3%), alpha-pinene (17.5%), germacrene D (13.5%), and beta-caryophyllene (10.4%), comprising ca. 67.7% of the essential oil. Medium-to-high contents (0.5-10%) of the following 16 additional components were found: beta-pinene, beta-myrcene, alpha-humulene, delta-cadinene, alpha-muurolene, (E)-hex-2-enal, beta-gurjunene, gamma-muurolene, isopimarol, camphene, gamma-cadinene, aromadendrene, beta-bisabolene, trans-beta-farnesene, alpha-cadinene, and (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol. The similarity of the populations and the within-population variability was visualized by principle-component analysis (PCA) of eleven selected terpenes in 97 tree samples. Cluster and genetic analyses suggest closest connection between the two spatially most-distant populations I (Montenegro) and IV (Serbia). Based on the profile of the main sesquiterpene components, the studied populations from Montenegro and Serbia are more similar to the populations from Greece and the Central Balkan peninsula (Bosnia and Serbia-Kosovo) than to those on the furthest eastern margin of their natural range (Bulgaria).
报道了来自黑山和塞尔维亚的黑松（Pinus heldreichii Christ.）在种群水平上的精油成分。白皮松是巴尔干半岛高山地区的一种亚特有松树残遗种，分布区域因人为活动而减少，具有较大的形态多样性且分类地位不够明确。在来自黑山的三个种群和来自塞尔维亚的一个种群的松树针叶萜类成分分析中，共检测到101种化合物，其中72种可以鉴定（表3）。主要成分是柠檬烯（26.3%）、α-蒎烯（17.5%）、杜松烯D（13.5%）和β-石竹烯（10.4%），约占精油的67.7%。还发现了以下16种其他成分的含量为中到高（0.5 - 10%）：β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、α-葎草烯、δ-杜松烯、α-穆罗烯、（E）-己-2-烯醛、β-古芸烯、γ-穆罗烯、异海松醇、莰烯、γ-杜松烯、芳樟烯、β-红没药烯、反式-β-法呢烯、α-杜松烯和（Z）-己-3-烯-1-醇。通过对97个树木样本中11种选定萜类的主成分分析（PCA）直观展示了种群之间的相似性和种群内的变异性。聚类和遗传分析表明，空间上距离最远的两个种群I（黑山）和IV（塞尔维亚）之间的联系最为紧密。基于主要倍半萜成分的特征，来自黑山和塞尔维亚的研究种群与来自希腊和巴尔干半岛中部（波斯尼亚和塞尔维亚 - 科索沃）的种群比与它们自然分布范围最东端边缘（保加利亚）的种群更为相似。
