Broomfield Laura, McHugh Louise, Reed Phil
University of Wales Swansea, UK.
Res Dev Disabil. 2008 May-Jun;29(3):217-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2007.04.001. Epub 2007 May 23.
Stimulus over-selectivity occurs when only one of potentially many aspects of the environment comes to control behavior. In three experiments, adult participants with no developmental disabilities were trained and tested in a match to samples (MTS) paradigm. Participants in Experiment 1 were assigned to one of two conditions, which differed on whether an observing response procedure was in place. Findings indicated that an MTS procedure can induce over-selectivity in this population if a time delay is included between sample and comparison. Over-selectivity emerged significantly more in the group who did not use an observing response procedure. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants were exposed to a re-test phase, in which the initial stimuli were presented again, but without the use of an observing response in either group. The observing response procedure only reduced over-selectivity when in place, but performance did not remain high following its withdrawal. This effect was noted regardless of the type of observing response procedure used (pointing versus naming). These findings suggest that an observing response procedure may be effective in reducing over-selectivity, however, these effects do not last post intervention, and that this may limit the clinical usefulness of the technique.
当环境中潜在的多个方面中只有一个方面开始控制行为时，就会出现刺激过度选择性。在三项实验中，对没有发育障碍的成年参与者在匹配样本（MTS）范式中进行训练和测试。实验1中的参与者被分配到两种条件之一，这两种条件在是否有观察反应程序方面有所不同。研究结果表明，如果在样本和比较之间设置时间延迟，MTS程序可以在这一人群中诱发过度选择性。在不使用观察反应程序的组中，过度选择性的出现明显更多。在实验2和3中，参与者进入重新测试阶段，在此阶段再次呈现初始刺激，但两组均不使用观察反应。观察反应程序仅在存在时降低过度选择性，但在其撤销后表现并未保持高水平。无论使用何种观察反应程序类型（指向与命名），均观察到这种效应。这些发现表明，观察反应程序可能在减少过度选择性方面有效，然而，这些效果在干预后不会持续，这可能会限制该技术的临床实用性。
