Muehlbauer Thomas, Panzer Stefan, Shea Charles H
University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2007 Jun;60(6):770-8. doi: 10.1080/17470210701210957.
A number of recent experiments have demonstrated that a movement structure develops during the course of learning a movement sequence that provides the basis for transfer. After learning a movement sequence participants have been shown to be able to effectively produce the sequence when movement demands require that the sequence be rescaled in amplitude or produced with an unpractised set of effectors. The purpose of the present experiment was to determine whether participants, after learning a complex 16-element movement sequence with a 0.567-kg load, could also effectively produce the sequence when the load was decreased (0.0 kg) or increased (1.134 kg). The results indicated that participants were able to effectively compensate for decreased and increased load with virtually no changes in performance characteristics (displacement, velocity, acceleration, and pattern of element durations) while electromyographic (EMG) signals demonstrated that smaller (reduced load) or larger forces (increased load) were spontaneously generated to compensate for the change in load. The muscle activation patterns of the biceps and triceps as well as the level of coactivation appeared to be generally upscaled to generate and dissipate the changes in force requirement needed to compensate for the increased load.
最近的一些实验表明，在学习一个为迁移提供基础的运动序列的过程中，会形成一种运动结构。在学习了一个运动序列后，当运动需求要求该序列在幅度上重新调整比例或使用一组未练习过的效应器来产生时，参与者已被证明能够有效地产生该序列。本实验的目的是确定参与者在学习了一个使用0.567千克负荷的复杂16元素运动序列后，当负荷降低（0.0千克）或增加（1.134千克）时，是否也能有效地产生该序列。结果表明，参与者能够有效地补偿负荷的降低和增加，而性能特征（位移、速度、加速度和元素持续时间模式）几乎没有变化，同时肌电图（EMG）信号表明，会自发产生较小（负荷降低）或较大的力（负荷增加）来补偿负荷的变化。肱二头肌和肱三头肌的肌肉激活模式以及共同激活水平似乎普遍上调，以产生和消散补偿增加的负荷所需的力需求变化。
