Sue Derald Wing, Capodilupo Christina M, Torino Gina C, Bucceri Jennifer M, Holder Aisha M B, Nadal Kevin L, Esquilin Marta
Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Am Psychol. 2007 May-Jun;62(4):271-86. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271.
Racial microaggressions are brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of color. Perpetrators of microaggressions are often unaware that they engage in such communications when they interact with racial/ethnic minorities. A taxonomy of racial microaggressions in everyday life was created through a review of the social psychological literature on aversive racism, from formulations regarding the manifestation and impact of everyday racism, and from reading numerous personal narratives of counselors (both White and those of color) on their racial/cultural awakening. Microaggressions seem to appear in three forms: microassault, microinsult, and microinvalidation. Almost all interracial encounters are prone to microaggressions; this article uses the White counselor--client of color counseling dyad to illustrate how they impair the development of a therapeutic alliance. Suggestions regarding education and training and research in the helping professions are discussed.
种族微侵犯是日常简短且常见的言语、行为或环境方面的冒犯，无论有意或无意，传达出对有色人种的敌意、贬损或负面的种族轻视与侮辱。微侵犯的实施者在与少数种族/族裔互动时，往往并未意识到自己在进行此类交流。通过回顾关于厌恶性种族主义的社会心理学文献、日常种族主义的表现形式及影响的相关阐述，以及阅读众多咨询师（包括白人咨询师和有色人种咨询师）关于其种族/文化觉醒的个人叙述，构建了日常生活中种族微侵犯的分类。微侵犯似乎呈现出三种形式：微攻击、微侮辱和微否定。几乎所有跨种族接触都容易出现微侵犯；本文以白人咨询师与有色人种来访者的咨询二元组为例，说明微侵犯如何损害治疗联盟的发展。文中还讨论了针对助人专业领域的教育、培训及研究的相关建议。
