Millqvist E, Johansson A, Månsson T, Bende M
The Allergy Centre of the Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2007 Jun;37(6):948-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02731.x.
There is still controversy over whether exposure to furred animals increases or decreases the risk of developing sensitization and allergic symptoms to such animals, and there is a need for further knowledge on this subject.
The aim of this study was to follow allergy development in relation to new extensive exposure to furred animals in adults and children.
A total of 286 individuals, 128 parents and 158 children, were recruited from 68 families who intended to buy a dog or a cat, or where one child of the family intended to start riding a horse. Subjects were examined before the new allergen exposure and once a year thereafter for 5 years, in all at six occasions, and they also completed questionnaires covering allergy symptoms. Serum IgE antibodies to cat, dog and horse were determined each year, and fur allergens from beds and living rooms were analysed.
Two-hundred and fifty-six study subjects remained for evaluation, 37 of whom showed signs of allergic sensitization at the start of the study. Four children (11%) in this pre-sensitized group developed IgE antibodies to their new animal and six (16%) to another animal. Among the 219 participants who were not sensitized when entering the study, one male adult (0.4%) developed a sensitization to his new animal, and nobody developed sensitization to other animals. Pre-sensitized individuals had significantly more allergic symptoms at the study start, but the symptom scores did not change over time.
When the first year of a human's life has passed, we have no strong evidence to recommend avoidance of a domestic animal in order to prevent new allergy development, even if there are known allergies in the family or if the individual is sensitized and has allergic symptoms to another allergen. Five years exposure to new fur allergens does not seem to influence sensitization to these animals in either sensitized or non-sensitized children and adults.
接触有毛动物会增加还是降低对这类动物产生致敏和过敏症状的风险，目前仍存在争议，因此有必要进一步了解这一主题。
本研究的目的是追踪成年人和儿童新的广泛接触有毛动物后过敏的发展情况。
从68个打算养狗或猫的家庭，或家中有一个孩子打算开始骑马的家庭中招募了286名个体，其中128名家长和158名儿童。在新的过敏原暴露前对受试者进行检查，此后每年检查一次，共检查5年，总共6次，他们还填写了涵盖过敏症状的问卷。每年测定血清中针对猫、狗和马的IgE抗体，并分析床铺和客厅中的毛发过敏原。
256名研究对象接受了评估，其中37名在研究开始时表现出过敏致敏迹象。在这个预先致敏的组中，4名儿童（11%）产生了针对新动物的IgE抗体，6名（16%）产生了针对另一种动物的IgE抗体。在研究开始时未致敏的219名参与者中，一名成年男性（0.4%）对新动物产生了致敏反应，没有人对其他动物产生致敏反应。预先致敏的个体在研究开始时过敏症状明显更多，但症状评分随时间没有变化。
在人出生后的第一年过后，我们没有充分的证据建议为预防新的过敏发生而避免饲养家畜，即使家庭中有已知的过敏情况，或者个体已致敏并对另一种过敏原出现过敏症状。对新的毛发过敏原长达五年的接触似乎不会影响致敏或未致敏的儿童和成年人对这些动物的致敏情况。
