Ferdous Zannatul, Grande-Allen K Jane
Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA.
Tissue Eng. 2007 Aug;13(8):1893-904. doi: 10.1089/ten.2006.0056.
This review addresses various methods of integrating proteoglycans (PGs) into the design of engineered tissues and provides insight for designing tissue-engineered disease models that leverage current knowledge of PG biology. Even though PGs show immense possibilities in tissue-engineering applications, they have seldom been used to their full potential. The most common tissue-engineering application of PGs has been in scaffolds (matrigels and collagen-chondroitin sulfate matrices), in which PGs or their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains are incorporated into the scaffold to promote cell growth, tissue remodeling, and intracellular signaling. In addition, many studies have reported the total amount of PGs synthesized within engineered tissues but have not delineated which specific PGs or GAG classes are involved in engineered tissue development. In native tissues, various PGs are dynamically and differentially regulated to achieve specific biophysical and biological functions, such as compressibility and transparency. Therefore, the targeted modulation of specific PGs (via exogenous addition, endogenous stimulation with growth factors, or mechanical stimulation) may help engineered tissues to achieve native tissue properties. The PG composition of engineered tissues could also be modified to achieve disease models in vitro and thus provide a way to study the effect of external agents on PG-related disease mechanisms.
本综述探讨了将蛋白聚糖（PGs）整合到工程组织设计中的各种方法，并为利用当前PG生物学知识设计组织工程疾病模型提供了见解。尽管PGs在组织工程应用中显示出巨大潜力，但它们很少被充分利用。PGs在组织工程中最常见的应用是在支架（基质胶和胶原 - 硫酸软骨素基质）中，将PGs或其糖胺聚糖（GAG）链掺入支架中以促进细胞生长、组织重塑和细胞内信号传导。此外，许多研究报告了工程组织内合成的PGs总量，但未阐明哪些特定的PGs或GAG类别参与工程组织发育。在天然组织中，各种PGs受到动态且差异化的调节，以实现特定的生物物理和生物学功能，如可压缩性和透明度。因此，对特定PGs进行靶向调节（通过外源添加、用生长因子进行内源性刺激或机械刺激）可能有助于工程组织实现天然组织特性。还可以改变工程组织的PG组成，以在体外建立疾病模型，从而提供一种研究外部因素对PG相关疾病机制影响的方法。
