Leong Natalie L, Petrigliano Frank A, McAllister David R
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2014 May;102(5):1614-24. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34820. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most common ligamentous injuries of the knee. Limitations of allografts and autografts in ACL reconstruction as well as recent advancements in biology and materials science have spurred interest in developing tissue-engineered ACL replacements that have the potential to mimic the native ACL in terms of both biological and mechanical properties. This article reviews the current literature regarding contemporary tissue engineering strategies. The four basic components of tissue engineering, biomaterial scaffolds, cell sources, growth factors, and mechanical stimuli, as applied to the development of tissue-engineered ACL replacement grafts, will be systematically addressed. In addition, animal models that have been used to test these tissue-engineered ACL replacements will also be reviewed. To date, there is no tissue-engineered ACL construct that has been successfully implanted in humans. We expect that continued progress in designing a viable tissue-engineered ACL replacement will accompany rapidly advancing techniques in materials science and biology.
前交叉韧带（ACL）断裂是膝关节最常见的韧带损伤之一。同种异体移植物和自体移植物在ACL重建中的局限性以及生物学和材料科学的最新进展，激发了人们对开发组织工程化ACL替代物的兴趣，这种替代物有可能在生物学和力学性能方面模仿天然ACL。本文综述了有关当代组织工程策略的当前文献。将系统地阐述应用于组织工程化ACL替代移植物开发的组织工程的四个基本组成部分，即生物材料支架、细胞来源、生长因子和机械刺激。此外，还将综述用于测试这些组织工程化ACL替代物的动物模型。迄今为止，尚无组织工程化ACL构建体成功植入人体。我们预计，随着材料科学和生物学技术的迅速发展，在设计可行的组织工程化ACL替代物方面将不断取得进展。
