Ogilvie Linda, Mill Judy E, Astle Barbara, Fanning Anne, Opare Mary
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Nurs Inq. 2007 Jun;14(2):114-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2007.00358.x.
Increased international migration of health professionals is weakening healthcare systems in low-income countries, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa. The migration of nurses, physicians and other health professionals from countries in sub-Saharan Africa poses a major threat to the achievement of health equity in this region. As nurses form the backbone of healthcare systems in many of the affected countries, it is the accelerating migration of nurses that will be most critical over the next few years. In this paper we present a comprehensive analysis of the literature and argue that, from a human rights perspective, there are competing rights in the international migration of health professionals: the right to leave one's country to seek a better life; the right to health of populations in the source and destination countries; labour rights; the right to education; and the right to non-discrimination and equality. Creative policy approaches are required to balance these rights and to ensure that the individual rights of health professionals do not compromise the societal right to health.
卫生专业人员国际流动的增加正在削弱低收入国家的医疗体系，尤其是撒哈拉以南非洲地区的国家。护士、医生及其他卫生专业人员从撒哈拉以南非洲国家外流，对该地区实现卫生公平构成重大威胁。由于护士是许多受影响国家医疗体系的中坚力量，未来几年护士加速外流将最为关键。在本文中，我们对相关文献进行了全面分析，并认为，从人权角度来看，卫生专业人员国际流动存在相互竞争的权利：离开本国寻求更好生活的权利；来源国和目的地国人口的健康权；劳工权利；受教育权；以及不受歧视和平等的权利。需要采取创新性政策方法来平衡这些权利，并确保卫生专业人员的个人权利不会损害社会的健康权。
