Poppe Annelien, Jirovsky Elena, Blacklock Claire, Laxmikanth Pallavi, Moosa Shabir, De Maeseneer Jan, Kutalek Ruth, Peersman Wim
Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;
Unit Ethnomedicine & International Health, Department of General Practice & Family Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Glob Health Action. 2014 May 13;7:24071. doi: 10.3402/gha.v7.24071. eCollection 2014.
Many studies have investigated the migration intentions of sub-Saharan African medical students and health professionals within the context of a legacy of active international recruitment by receiving countries. However, many health workers migrate outside of this recruitment paradigm. This paper aims to explore the reasons for migration of health workers from sub-Saharan Africa to Belgium and Austria; European countries without a history of active recruitment in sub-Saharan Africa.
Data were collected using semistructured interviews. Twenty-seven health workers were interviewed about their migration experiences. Included participants were born in sub-Saharan Africa, had trained as health workers in sub-Saharan Africa, and were currently living in Belgium or Austria, though not necessarily currently working as a health professional.
Both Austria and Belgium were shown not to be target countries for the health workers, who instead moved there by circumstance, rather than choice. Three principal reasons for migration were reported: 1) educational purposes; 2) political instability or insecurity in their country of origin; and 3) family reunification. In addition, two respondents mentioned medical reasons and, although less explicit, economic factors were also involved in several of the respondents' decision to migrate.
These results highlight the importance of the broader economic, social, and political context within which migration decisions are made. Training opportunities proved to be an important factor for migration. A further development and upgrade of primary care might help to counter the common desire to specialize and improve domestic training opportunities.
许多研究在接收国积极开展国际招聘的背景下，调查了撒哈拉以南非洲医学生和卫生专业人员的移民意向。然而，许多卫生工作者在这种招聘模式之外移民。本文旨在探讨卫生工作者从撒哈拉以南非洲移民到比利时和奥地利的原因；这两个欧洲国家在撒哈拉以南非洲没有积极招聘的历史。
使用半结构化访谈收集数据。对27名卫生工作者进行了关于他们移民经历的访谈。纳入的参与者出生在撒哈拉以南非洲，在撒哈拉以南非洲接受过卫生工作者培训，目前居住在比利时或奥地利，尽管不一定目前从事卫生专业工作。
事实表明，奥地利和比利时都不是这些卫生工作者的目标国家，他们是因环境而非选择而移民到那里的。报告了移民的三个主要原因：1）教育目的；2）原籍国的政治不稳定或不安全；3）家庭团聚。此外，两名受访者提到了医疗原因，并且虽然不太明确，但经济因素也涉及到一些受访者的移民决定。
这些结果凸显了做出移民决定时更广泛的经济、社会和政治背景的重要性。培训机会被证明是移民的一个重要因素。初级保健的进一步发展和升级可能有助于应对人们普遍想要专业化并改善国内培训机会的愿望。
