Bengtsson Hans, Persson Gun E B
Department of Psychology, Lund University, Sweden.
Scand J Psychol. 2007 Jun;48(3):203-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00559.x.
Children's mental representations of situations involving another child's distress were examined in two studies. Study 1 examined 3- to 7-year-old children's (n= 44) ideas about what victims and bystanders would think, feel and do in hypothetical situations. In Study 2, 7- to 8-year-olds (n= 40) described their own cognitive response to situations in which they were confronted with another's distress. In both studies, representational bias was examined in relation to children's display of prosocial and aggressive behavior and in relation to their acceptance of distressed peers. Although not entirely consistent, findings indicate that three types of representational biases are associated with low levels of considerate behavior and with relatively low acceptance of distressed peers: (a) mentally representing the victim's problem without giving thought to its implications for the victim, (b) significantly reducing the emotional significance of the problem and (c) exaggerating negative aspects of the problem.
两项研究考察了儿童对涉及另一名儿童痛苦情境的心理表征。研究1考察了3至7岁儿童（n = 44）对于受害者和旁观者在假设情境中会思考、感受和做什么的想法。在研究2中，7至8岁儿童（n = 40）描述了他们自己在面对他人痛苦情境时的认知反应。在两项研究中，都考察了表征偏差与儿童亲社会和攻击性行为的表现以及他们对痛苦同伴的接纳之间的关系。尽管结果并不完全一致，但研究结果表明，三种类型的表征偏差与低水平的体贴行为以及对痛苦同伴相对较低的接纳度相关：（a）在心理上呈现受害者的问题而不考虑其对受害者的影响，（b）显著降低问题的情感重要性，以及（c）夸大问题的负面方面。
