Tucker Paul G
Civil and Computational Engineering Centre, University of Wales, Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 0QG, UK.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2007 Oct 15;365(1859):2379-88. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2007.2014.
The wide range of uses of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for aircraft design is discussed along with its role in dealing with the environmental impact of flight. Enabling technologies, such as grid generation and turbulence models, are also considered along with flow/turbulence control. The large eddy simulation, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes and hybrid turbulence modelling approaches are contrasted. The CFD prediction of numerous jet configurations occurring in aerospace are discussed along with aeroelasticity for aeroengine and external aerodynamics, design optimization, unsteady flow modelling and aeroengine internal and external flows. It is concluded that there is a lack of detailed measurements (for both canonical and complex geometry flows) to provide validation and even, in some cases, basic understanding of flow physics. Not surprisingly, turbulence modelling is still the weak link along with, as ever, a pressing need for improved (in terms of robustness, speed and accuracy) solver technology, grid generation and geometry handling. Hence, CFD, as a truly predictive and creative design tool, seems a long way off. Meanwhile, extreme practitioner expertise is still required and the triad of computation, measurement and analytic solution must be judiciously used.
本文讨论了计算流体动力学（CFD）在飞机设计中的广泛应用及其在应对飞行环境影响方面的作用。同时还考虑了诸如网格生成和湍流模型等使能技术以及流动/湍流控制。对比了大涡模拟、雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯方程和混合湍流建模方法。讨论了航空航天中出现的众多喷气式构型的CFD预测，以及航空发动机和外部空气动力学的气动弹性、设计优化、非定常流动建模以及航空发动机的内部和外部流动。得出的结论是，缺乏详细的测量（针对典型和复杂几何形状的流动）来提供验证，甚至在某些情况下，缺乏对流动物理的基本理解。毫不奇怪，湍流建模仍然是薄弱环节，并且一如既往地迫切需要改进（在鲁棒性、速度和准确性方面）求解器技术、网格生成和几何处理。因此，CFD作为一种真正的预测性和创造性设计工具，似乎还有很长的路要走。与此同时，仍然需要极端的从业者专业知识，并且必须明智地使用计算、测量和解析解这三者的组合。
