Barabassy A, Beinhoff U, Riepe M W
Department of Psychiatry, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2007;114(11):1479-84. doi: 10.1007/s00702-007-0752-2. Epub 2007 May 24.
In everyday life, we often estimate rather than know. We investigated in an experimental approach modality-specific cognitive estimation in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). Estimation of weight, size, number, and time prior and subsequent to observation of a moving object was assessed in healthy controls (HC; n = 49; 62.5 +/- 7.8 years (mean +/- standard deviation); MMSE 29.2 +/- 1.1) and patients with AD (NINCDS-ADRDA, DSM IV; n = 42; 75.0 +/- 9.5 years; p < 0.001 to HC; MMSE 22.8 +/- 2.9; p < 0.001 to HC). In HC none of the estimation tasks correlated with age or general intellectual ability. AD patients were impaired for estimation of time and weight while estimation of number, size, and distance was not impaired. Estimation of time that a marble will need to roll down a marble track was associated with lower scores for verbal fluency and higher scores for clock drawing in the AD group and estimation of time subsequent to observation was associated with higher scores in clock drawing. Time estimation for moving objects as well as the ability to correct oneself on observation is impaired in patients with very mild AD. This argues for caution in tasks such as car driving already in this stage. Errors in estimation of time observed indicate temporo-parietal impairment while errors on estimation prior to observation of the moving object indicate additional frontal lobe impairment.
在日常生活中，我们常常进行估计而非确切知晓。我们采用实验方法对轻度阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者的特定模态认知估计进行了研究。在健康对照者（HC；n = 49；年龄62.5±7.8岁（均值±标准差）；简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）评分29.2±1.1）和AD患者（依据美国国立神经疾病与中风研究所-阿尔茨海默病及相关疾病协会（NINCDS-ADRDA）、《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM IV）标准；n = 42；年龄75.0±9.5岁；与HC相比p < 0.001；MMSE评分22.8±2.9；与HC相比p < 0.001）中，评估了在观察移动物体之前和之后对重量、大小、数量和时间的估计。在HC中，没有一项估计任务与年龄或一般智力能力相关。AD患者在时间和重量估计方面受损，而数量、大小和距离估计未受损。在AD组中，估计弹珠滚下弹珠轨道所需的时间与语言流畅性得分较低以及画钟测试得分较高相关，且观察后时间估计与画钟测试得分较高相关。极轻度AD患者对移动物体的时间估计以及观察后自我纠正的能力受损。这表明在这个阶段，对于诸如驾驶汽车等任务要谨慎。观察到的时间估计错误表明颞顶叶受损，而在观察移动物体之前的估计错误表明额叶额外受损。
