Deeba S, Aggarwal R, Sains P, Martin S, Athanasiou T, Casula R, Darzi A
St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, Norfolk Place, London, UK.
Int J Med Robot. 2006 Mar;2(1):16-20. doi: 10.1002/rcs.76.
The introduction of the laparoscope led to the progress of surgery to a new era, where surgeries that were deemed major are now being performed through keyhole incisions with comparable outcomes to open surgery. However, with this new technique rose several problems like inaccurate depth perception, diminished tactile feedback, need for experienced assistance, and reduction in degrees of motion of the surgeons hands all of which inspired surgeons and engineers to look for mechanical tools to help in reducing these problems. Henceforth; came the application of robotics in surgery.
A PubMed and Medline search was performed on cardiac robotic surgery and its applications in mitral valve repair and coronary artery surgery. A total of twenty one articles were picked that allude to the subject. A history of robotic surgery was outlined followed by applications of robotic manipulation in cardiac surgery was narrated. A quick overview of this technology in telemedicine was then outlined followed by future prospects of this technology in surgery was contemplated.
The experience of the group from St. Mary's Hospital, London in this field was outlined. During the period of 4 years a total of 102 cases of robotic cardiac surgery were performed. The mean length of hospital stay was 3.1 days with a standard deviation of 1.4 days and the morbidity of the series explained. There was no mortality.
Early studies have shown that minimally invasive cardiac surgery is feasible and yields results similar to conventional cardiac surgery, yet it is more technically demanding on the surgeon. As advantageous as this new modality is, further multicenter studies are needed to prove its efficacy.
腹腔镜的引入将外科手术推进到了一个新时代，过去被视为大型手术的现在可通过小切口进行，且手术效果与开放手术相当。然而，这项新技术带来了一些问题，如深度感知不准确、触觉反馈减弱、需要经验丰富的助手以及外科医生手部活动度降低等，所有这些促使外科医生和工程师寻求机械工具来帮助减少这些问题。于是，机器人技术在外科手术中得到了应用。
对心脏机器人手术及其在二尖瓣修复和冠状动脉手术中的应用进行了PubMed和Medline检索。共挑选了21篇涉及该主题的文章。概述了机器人手术的历史，接着讲述了机器人操作在心脏手术中的应用。然后简要介绍了该技术在远程医疗中的情况，随后思考了该技术在外科手术中的未来前景。
概述了伦敦圣玛丽医院团队在该领域的经验。在4年期间共进行了102例机器人心脏手术。平均住院时间为3.1天，标准差为1.4天，并对该系列病例的发病率进行了解释。无死亡病例。
早期研究表明，微创心脏手术是可行的，其结果与传统心脏手术相似，但对外科医生的技术要求更高。尽管这种新模式有诸多优势，但仍需要进一步的多中心研究来证明其疗效。
