Robot-assisted surgery: training and re-training surgeons.

A renaissance in cardiac surgery is occurring. Cardiac operations are being performed through smaller incisions with enhanced technological assistance. Specifically, minimally invasive mitral valve surgery has become standard for many surgeons. At our institution, we have developed a robotic mitral surgery program with the da Vinci telemanipulation system, which has recently gained FDA-approval. Initial results are reported. Despite procedural success, implementation of new technology requires restructuring training programs and re-training senior surgeons. Ultimately, our desire for improved and less traumatic patient care will continue to drive this new technology into the future.