Rhodes Scott D, Yee Leland J
Section on Society and Health, Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1063, USA.
Sex Health. 2007 Jun;4(2):121-7. doi: 10.1071/sh06069.
An understanding of vaccine acceptance and uptake is imperative for successful vaccination of populations that will be primary targets for vaccination after a vaccine against HIV is developed and ready for dissemination. Experiences with vaccination against vaccine-preventable hepatitis (VPH) among men who have sex with men (MSM) may offer key insights to inform future HIV vaccination strategies. The purpose of this analysis was to explore what is known currently about vaccination among MSM, using knowledge gained from vaccination against VPH, and to identify important considerations from these experiences that must be explored further as a vaccine against HIV is promoted among MSM. Because cultural and political differences make it difficult to extrapolate findings from studies in one country to another, we have focused our analyses on studies conducted in the USA.
Through a qualitative systematic review of published reports, we identified eight studies that reported correlates of VPH among MSM in the USA.
Six major domains of variables associated with vaccination against VPH were identified, including: demographics (e.g. younger age, higher educational attainment); increased vaccine knowledge; increased access to health care; provider recommendation; behaviours (e.g. same-sex behaviour, health-promoting and disease-preventing behaviours); and psychosocial factors (e.g. openness about one's sexual orientation, reduced barriers to being vaccinated, self-efficacy).
Further research is needed to understand vaccination behaviour among MSM and to maximise acceptance and uptake after a vaccine exists. Experiences with VPH provide a real-world model on which to base preliminary assumptions about acceptance and uptake of a vaccine against HIV.
对于开发出抗HIV疫苗并准备推广后将成为主要接种对象的人群，要成功实施疫苗接种，了解疫苗的接受度和接种率至关重要。男男性行为者（MSM）中预防疫苗可预防肝炎（VPH）的疫苗接种经验可能为未来的HIV疫苗接种策略提供关键见解。本分析的目的是利用从VPH疫苗接种中获得的知识，探索目前已知的MSM疫苗接种情况，并确定在向MSM推广抗HIV疫苗时，这些经验中必须进一步探讨的重要因素。由于文化和政治差异使得难以将一个国家的研究结果推广到另一个国家，我们将分析重点放在了美国进行的研究上。
通过对已发表报告的定性系统综述，我们确定了八项报告美国MSM中VPH相关因素的研究。
确定了与VPH疫苗接种相关的六个主要变量领域，包括：人口统计学特征（如年龄较小、教育程度较高）；疫苗知识增加；获得医疗保健的机会增加；提供者推荐；行为（如同性性行为、促进健康和预防疾病的行为）；以及心理社会因素（如对性取向的开放态度、接种疫苗的障碍减少、自我效能感）。
需要进一步研究以了解MSM的疫苗接种行为，并在疫苗问世后最大限度地提高接受度和接种率。VPH疫苗接种经验提供了一个现实世界的模型，可据此对MSM抗HIV疫苗的接受度和接种率做出初步假设。
